TY - RPRT T1 - Non permanents en permanence: Les Travailleurs agricoles agricoles migrants au Canada IS - ISBN : 978-1-988886-50-3 CY - Ottawa (ON) Canada PB - © 2019, Forum des politiques publiques N2 - SOMMAIRE NOTRE VISION Nous sommes en 2030 : le secteur agricole canadien,dynamique et prospère, est un leader compétitif sur le marché mondial. Au pays comme à l’étranger, les gens consomment des aliments canadiens sains, de qualité et à bon prix. Les migrants – plus de 50 000 – qui viennent ici chaque année dans le cadre de programmes de travailleurs agricoles gagnent leur vie décemment et dignement, leurs droits sont enchâssés dans des politiques bien structurées, et le Canada est un chef de file mondial pour le respect de ses obligations internationales en matière de droits de la personne. Les programmes de travailleurs agricoles migrants sont simples et conviviaux, tant pour les employeurs que pour les producteurs et les administrateurs. Le secteur agricole canadien est bien positionné pour au moins 50 ans encore, fort d’une maind’œuvre qualifiée et fiable prête à répondre aux exigences actuelles et futures, notamment celles liées aux changements climatiques : le réchauffement transformera l’agriculture au Canada, ce qui augmentera les besoins en main-d’œuvre. CE QUE NOUS SAVONS ET CE QUE NOUS AVONS ENTENDU Nous sommes en 2019 : les agriculteurs, les employeurs et les producteurs trouvent les programmes de travailleurs agricoles migrants complexes et déroutants, et ils font les frais des cloisonnements administratifs gouvernementaux. Les fonctionnaires indiquent que le traitement des documents que les agriculteurs doivent soumettre sur papier est long et pénible. Les travailleurs migrants et les groupes qui défendent leurs intérêts signalent des cas d’abus rendus possibles par la précarité des conditions de travail et le manque de surveillance. Les universitaires et d’autres parties prenantes s’inquiètent des changements climatiques, des pénuries de main-d’œuvre dans le secteur agricole et de la réputation du Canada sur la scène mondiale en tant que champion des droits de la personne. A1 - Klassen, Matthew A1 - Guy, Sally A1 - Gagnon, Sophie A1 - Bhate, Tahara A1 - Khandelwal, Umang Y1 - 2019/// UR - http://www.actioncanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/PPF-AC-TF3-FR-Print-25copies-MARCH1.pdf Y2 - 2019-09-11 T3 - RAPPORT DE GROUPE DE TRAVAIL D’ACTION CANADA 2018/2019 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Leamington is at the frontlines of the boom in migrant workers. Here’s how it’s changed N2 - Thousands of low-wage temporary farm workers from Mexico and the Caribbean have transformed Leamington. A1 - Mojtehedzadeh, Sara A1 - Keung, Nicholas A1 - Rankin, Jim Y1 - 2017/// UR - https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/migrants/2017/10/09/leamington-is-at-the-frontlines-of-the-boom-in-migrant-workers-heres-how-its-changed.html Y2 - 2018-02-04 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - He's worked legally in Canada for 37 years but the government considers him ‘temporary’ N2 - Low-wage migrant farmworkers are a crucial and growing part of Canada’s economy. Yet in most cases it’s impossible for them to get permanents status, which experts say leaves them vulnerable to exploitation. A1 - Keung, Nicholas Y1 - 2017/// UR - https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/migrants/2017/10/05/hes-worked-legally-in-canada-for-37-years-but-the-government-considers-him-temporary.html Y2 - 2018-02-04 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - The murky world of the agencies that recruit temporary foreign workers CY - Calgary N2 - Chances are the migrant workers building condos in Vancouver, cleaning hotel rooms in Alberta or picking tomatoes in Ontario greenhouses paid fees to come to Canada and work in their low-paying jobs.In some cases, workers are further abused by recruiters who control their money, housing and movements. A1 - Dharssi, Alia Y1 - 2016/// KW - Agencies case of abuse UR - http://calgaryherald.com/news/national/the-murky-world-of-the-agencies-that-recruit-temporary-foreign-workers Y2 - 2016-11-10 JA - Calgary Herald SP - 1 ER - TY - THES T1 - Up-rooted lives, deep-rooted memories: Stress and resilience among Jamaican agricultural workers in Southern Ontario CY - Hamilton, Ontario PB - McMaster University N2 - The Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) is a transnational labour agreement between Canada, Mexico, and various Caribbean countries that brings thousands of Jamaican migrant workers to Canada each year to work on farms. This thesis explores Jamaican SAWP workers’ experiences of stress in Ontario, and situates these experiences within a system of power and international inequality. When describing their experiences of stress and suffering in Ontario, many Jamaican workers drew analogies between historic and modern slavery under the SAWP. However, stress discourses also inspired workers to emphasise their resilience, and many workers gave equal attention to explaining their inherent strength as “Jamaicans”, which they associate with national independence and the history of slavery. In this way, I suggest stress discourses are sites of flexibility and resilience for Jamaican workers, and this thesis presents the foremost cultural, political, and historical factors that support Jamaican workers’ resilience in Ontario. Moreover, the predominant coping strategies workers employ in Ontario will be explored within the context of their restricted agency under the SAWP. This thesis concludes with a discussion of stress as an expression of subjectivity that is characterised by strength, faith, and the history of slavery. A1 - Mayell, Stephanie Y1 - 2016/// VL - Masters T2 - Anthropology SP - 107 ER - TY - RPRT T1 -  Citizenship and Precarious Labour in Canadian Agriculture N1 - Precarious status identi es individuals or groups to whom the following applies: “the absence of permanent residence authorization; lack of permanent work authorization; depending on a third party for residence or employment rights; restricted or no access to public services and protections available to permanent residents (e.g. health care, education, unionization, workplace rights); and deportability.”61 The concept of pre- carious status goes beyond either/or categorizations of migrant farmworker status (e.g. irregular/ regular, undocumented/documented, etc.) and recognizes the overlap or fuzziness between such categories and the membership norms, rights, regulations, public bene ts and so forth associated with each. On average, South Asian immigrant farmworkers were older, married women who came from India as Family Class immigrants and now held Canadian citizenship (65 per cent) or permanent resi- dence (35 per cent). Most had very little formal education: more than a fth lacked primary school education. Conversely, Mexican migrants were generally young, married men and had completed junior high school or higher. A majority were from the most populous (and poorest) central and southern states of Mexico, and more than half spoke an indigenous language, a strong indicator of indigeneity. While South Asian survey participants included mixed numbers of newcomers and longer-settled immigrants, the majority of Mexican migrants (84 per cent) had just begun their labour trajectories in Canada, and over three-quarters had only worked in British Columbia. A further principal nding was that most farmworkers — 74 per cent of Mexican migrants and 70 per cent of South Asian immigrants—did not receive health and safety training for their jobs at their principal worksite. PB - Canadian Center for Policy Alternative N2 - DISCUSSIONS ABOUT LOCAL FOOD and sustainable agriculture have not generally considered employment conditions for agricultural workers. However, in British Columbia almost all of these workers are immigrants and migrants, subject to coercive employment practices with serious con- sequences for health and safety. Farmworkers’ fear of losing hours or jeopardizing their employ- ment leads them to accept unsafe work or transportation, work long hours, work while ill or injured and, in the case of migrants, acquiesce to poor housing. Meanwhile, regulations and enforcement for this sector are very weak. Certainly our current food system can’t be seen as “sustainable.” This study explores how citizenship status affects agricultural employment, and makes comprehen- sive recommendations for change. Our research included questionnaires with 200 farmworkers; 53 in-depth interviews with stakeholders (farmworkers, growers, industry representatives, advocacy groups and Canadian and Mexican civil servants); and a detailed review of secondary data. A1 - Otero, Gerardo A1 - Preibish, Kerry Y1 - 2015/11/18/ KW - precarious employment KW - training barriers KW - language barriers KW - coercive labour practices UR - https://www.policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/BC%20Office/2015/11/CCPA-BC_CitizenshipPrecariousLabourCdnAgri_web.pdf Y2 - 2015-11-30 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bitter Harvest: Exploitation and Forced Labour of Migrant Agricultural Workers in South Korea IS - ASA 25/004/2014 CY - London, UK PB - Amnesty International, International Secretariat N2 - As of 2013, around 250,000 migrant workers were employed in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) under the Employment Permit System (EPS). Since the establishment of the EPS ten years ago, Amnesty International has repeatedly raised concerns on how this work scheme directly contributes to human and labour rights violations by severely restricting migrant workers’ ability to change jobs and challenge abusive practices by employers. Similar concerns have also been raised by a number of UN bodies,2 but the South Korean government has consistently failed to implement their recommendations. As a consequence, a significant number of migrant workers continue to be regularly exposed to serious exploitation, which includes excessive working hours, unpaid overtime, denial of rest days and breaks, threats, violence, trafficking and forced labour Following Amnesty International’s previous research on the EPS in 2006 and 2009,3 this report focuses on migrant agricultural workers, who account for some 8% of all EPS workers.4 Agriculture is one of the sectors with the least legal safeguards and, consequently, migrant workers in this sector are at greater risk of exploitation and abuse. A1 - Amnesty International, International Secretariat,  Y1 - 2014/// KW - Underpayment KW - Late payment KW - Denial of Leave KW - Excessive hours UR - http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA25/004/2014/en/5e1c9341-d0ec-43c3-b858-68ad69bc6d52/asa250042014en.pdf Y2 - 2014-11-10 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical repatriation of migrant farm workers in Ontario: a descriptive analysis IS - 3 PB - Canadian Medical Association or its licensors N2 - Background Approximately 40 000 migrant farm workers are employed annually in Canada through temporary foreign worker programs. Workers experiencing health conditions that prevent ongoing work are normally repatriated to their home country, which raises concerns about human rights and health equity. In this study, we present data on the reasons for medical repatriation of migrant farm workers in Ontario. Methods In this retrospective descriptive study, we examined medical repatriation data from Foreign Agricultural Resource Management Services, a non-profit corporation managing the contracts of more than 15 000 migrant farm workers in Ontario annually. We extracted repatriation and demographic data for workers from 2001–2011. Physician volunteers used a validated system to code the reported reasons for medical repatriation. We conducted descriptive analyses of the dominant reasons for repatriation and rates of repatriation. Results During 2001–2011, 787 repatriations occurred among 170 315 migrant farm workers arriving in Ontario (4.62 repatriations per 1000 workers). More than two-thirds of repatriated workers were aged 30–49 years. Migrant farm workers were most frequently repatriated for medical or surgical reasons (41.3%) and external injuries including poisoning (25.5%). Interpretation This study provides quantitative health data related to a unique and vulnerable occupational group. Our findings reinforce existing knowledge regarding occupational hazards and health conditions among migrant farm workers. Medical repatriation of migrant farm workers merits further examination as a global health equity concern. Y1 - 2014/// KW - agriculture KW - mobility KW - Labour geography KW - Migrant farm workers KW - Precarity KW - Tobacco KW - Medical repatriation KW - Health equity UR - http://www.cmajopen.ca/content/2/3/E192.short Y2 - 2014-10-01 JA - CMAJ OPEN VL - 2 SP - 7 M2 - 7 SP - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Employers' Paradoxical Views about Temporary Foreign Migrant Workers' Health: A Qualitative Study in Rural Farms in Southern Ontario IS - 65 N2 - Background The province of Ontario hosts nearly a half of Canada’s temporary foreign migrant farm workers (MFWs). Despite the essential role played by MFWs in the economic prosperity of the region, a growing body of research suggests that the workers’ occupational safety and health are substandard, and often neglected by employers. This study thus explores farm owners’ perceptions about MFWs occupational safety and general health, and their attitudes towards health promotion for their employees. Methods Using modified grounded theory approach, we collected data through in-depth individual interviews with farm owners employing MFWs in southern Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed following three steps (open, axial, and selective coding) to identify thematic patterns and relationships. Nine employers or their representatives were interviewed. Results Four major overarching categories were identified: employers’ dependence on MFWs; their fragmented view of occupational safety and health; their blurring of the boundaries between the work and personal lives of the MFWs on their farms; and their reluctance to implement health promotion programs. The interaction of these categories suggests the complex social processes through which employers come to hold these paradoxical attitudes towards workers’ safety and health. There is a fundamental contradiction between what employers considered public versus personal. Despite employers’ preference to separate MFWs’ workplace safety from personal health issues, due to the fact that workers live within their employers' property, workers' private life becomes public making their personal health a business-related concern. Farmers’ conflicting views, combined with a lack of support from governing bodies, hold back timely implementation of health promotion activities in the workplace. A1 - Narushima , Miya A1 - Sanchez, Ana Y1 - 2014/// UR - http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/s12939-014-0065-7.pdf Y2 - 2014-08-28 JA - International Journal for Equity in Health VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Travailleurs immigrants et santé et sécurité du travail - Numéro spécial IS - 2 N2 - Ce numéro Travailleurs immigrants et santé et sécurité du travail (SST) veut apporter un modeste éclairage sur le cumul des précarités liées aux conditions de SST au travail, au statut migratoire, aux liens fragiles d’emploi, à la faiblesse des revenus, à la non-reconnaissance des compétences et à l’incapacité d’exercer ses droits. Les travaux de SST ici regroupés s’intéressent aux travailleurs ayant divers profils : des résidents permanents embauchés par les petites entreprises manufacturières, des travailleurs étrangers temporaires employés dans les secteurs saisonniers et des travailleurs d’agences de location de main-d’œuvre, appelés aussi des travailleurs intérimaires. Les lecteurs sont invités à poser un regard critique sur les inégalités sociales de santé chez les travailleurs immigrants engendrées par les pratiques non adaptées de SST. Sommaire Sylvie Gravel et Stephanie Premji Travailleurs migrants : une histoire sans fin de cumul des précarités de statut, d’emploi et de conditions de santé et de sécurité au travail Recherche Introduction Stephanie Premji Mécanismes d’inégalités en santé et sécurité : modèle conceptuel et agenda de recherche [Texte intégral] Mechanisms of inequalities in health and safety : conceptual model and research agenda [Texte intégral | traduction] Travailleurs immigrés résidents permanents Agnieszka Kosny, Marni Lifshen, Peter Smith, Ron Saunders et Roland Rhooms Prevention Is the Best Medicine : Development of a Work and Health Toolkit for New Immigrants Using Settlement Services in Ontario [Texte intégral] Mieux vaut prévenir que guérir : mise au point d’une trousse en santé et sécurité pour les nouveaux immigrants qui utilisent les services d’établissement en Ontario La prevención es la mejor medicina: Desarrollo de un kit de herramientas de salud y trabajo salud para los nuevos inmigrantes que utilizan los servicios de acogida en Ontario Gabrielle Legendre, Sylvie Gravel et Jacques Rhéaume Les comités de santé et de sécurité dans les petites entreprises multiethniques de Montréal [Texte intégral] Occupational Health and Safety Committees in Small Multiethnic Businesses in Montréal Los comités de seguridad y salud en las pequeñas empresas multiétnicas de Montreal Daniel Coté La réadaptation au travail des personnes issues de l’immigration et des minorités ethnoculturelles : défis, perspectives et pistes de recherche [Texte intégral] Rehabilitation among immigrants and ethnocultural minority workers: challenges, perspectives, and research directions La rehabilitación de los trabajadores inmigrantes y de minorías étnico-cultural : retos, perspectivas y líneas de investigación Jessica Dubé et Sylvie Gravel Les pratiques préventives auprès des travailleurs d’agences de location de personnel temporaire ou permanent : comparaison entre les travailleurs immigrants et non immigrants [Texte intégral] Preventive practices for workers from personnel placement agencies in permanent or temporary positions : comparison between immigrant and non-immigrant workers Prácticas preventivas para los trabajadores de agencias contratación de mano de obra temporal o permanente : comparación entre el inmigrante y no inmigrante Travailleurs étrangers temporaires Janet McLaughlin, Jenna Hennebry et Ted Haines Paper versus Practice : Occupational Health and Safety Protections and Realities for Temporary Foreign Agricultural Workers in Ontario [Texte intégral] L’écart entre la théorie et la pratique : les protections en santé et en sécurité au travail et la réalité de la main-d’œuvre étrangère temporaire du domaine agricole en Ontario El papel frente a la práctica: salud ocupacional y protección de la seguridad y realidades para los trabajadores agrícolas extranjeros temporales en Ontario Sylvie Gravel, Francisco Villanueva, Stéphanie Bernstein, Jill Hanley, Daniel Crespo et Emmanuelle Ostiguy Les mesures de santé et sécurité au travail auprès des travailleurs étrangers temporaires dans les entreprises saisonnières [Texte intégral] Measures of health and safety at work from temporary foreign workers in seasonal businesses Medidas de seguridad y salud en el trabajo entre trabajadores extranjeros temporales en negocios estacionales Travailleurs immigrés à statut précaire Jill Hanley, Sylvie Gravel, Katherine Lippel et Jah-Hon Koo Pathways to Healthcare for Migrant Workers : How Can Health Entitlement Influence Occupational Health Trajectories ? [Texte intégral] Travailleurs migrants et accès aux soins de santé : quelle est l’influence de l’admissibilité aux soins sur la trajectoire de la santé au travail ? Rutas hacia la salud de los trabajadores migrantes : ¿cómo el derecho a los servicios de salud influencia en la salud ocupacional ? A1 - McLaughlin, Janet A1 - Hanley, Jill A1 - Premiji , Stéphanie Y1 - 2014/// UR - http://pistes.revues.org/3631 Y2 - 2014-06-24 JA - Pistes VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migrantes mexicanos en Canadá A1 - aaraón díaz mendiburo | maría del socorro arana hernández | rogelio rodríguez maldonado | annie lapalme | david a. solís coello escriben,  Y1 - 2014/// UR - http://www.suplementoregiones.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Regiones51.pdf Y2 - 2014-05-27 JA - Regiones VL - 51 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ‘Domestic transnationalism’: legal advocacy for Mexican migrant workers' rights in Canada IS - 3-4 N2 - Every year thousands of Mexicans travel to Canada to work in Canadian fields and greenhouses under the Mexico-Canada Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program. While the programme is often praised, it has also been the subject of persistent criticism about its failure to meet certain human rights standards. In this article, we examine the legal strategies civil society advocates of migrant workers have adopted to promote migrant workers' rights in Canada. Specifically, we examine legal struggles undertaken by the United Food and Commercial Workers union to challenge Ontario government legislation that does not permit collective bargaining by farmworkers in the province. We argue that this case demonstrates that despite the fact that many of the workers involved are transnationalized, appeals to international bodies or to international human rights standards have been of limited utility in promoting their rights. Despite frequent arguments about the increased relevance of international human rights and citizenship norms and transnational human rights advocacy, in this case the national and sub-national scales remain predominant. The result, we argue, is a form of ‘domestic transnationalism’, in which domestic political actors engage in advocacy within domestic legal institutions to promote the rights of a transnational mobile labour force. A1 - MacDonald, Laura A1 - Gabriel, Christina Y1 - 2014/05/14/ UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13621025.2014.905264#.U6mcWtx7bT4 Y2 - 2014-06-24 JA - Citizenship Studies VL - 18 SP - 243 M2 - 243 SP - 243-258 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ‘I can't even buy a bed because I don't know if I'll have to leave tomorrow’: temporal orientations among Mexican precarious status migrants in Toronto IS - 3-4 N2 - This paper analyzes the links between migrant illegalization and precarious status migrants' temporal orientations. I begin by evaluating research on three research orientations in this area: (1) research that focuses on temporal contingency versus temporal teleology; (2) research about immigration status, illegalization, and time; and (3) research on the link between precarious immigration status and precarious work. I then draw on interviews with 13 Mexican migrants with precarious immigration status to discuss how immigration status affects migrants' ability to make plans, secure decent work, and experience a sense of belonging in the context of reception (Toronto, Canada). I conclude by arguing for a framework of temporal contingency when analyzing precarious status migrants' narratives of temporal orientations. A1 - Villegas, Paloma E. Y1 - 2014/05/14/ UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13621025.2014.905269#.U6mcYtx7bT4 Y2 - 2014-06-24 JA - Citizenship Studies VL - 18 SP - 277 M2 - 277 SP - 277-291 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - The Next Chapter for Ontario Agriculture Workers A1 - UFCW Canada,  Y1 - 2014/// KW - Systemic Problem ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers won’t be temporary if we make them permanent N2 - They are allowed into Canada to do jobs most Canadians would refuse at rates of pay most Canadians would never stand for, and then they have to leave. They are separated from their families for years. They aren’t allowed to settle, marry, bring their children over, expect a raise or change jobs. They have to live in rooms provided by their employers, and they cannot realistically quit without being forced out of the country. A1 - Saunders, Doug Y1 - 2014/05/01/ UR - http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/the-workers-wont-be-temporary-if-we-make-them-permanent/article18200187/ Y2 - 2014-05-01 JA - The Globe and Mail ER - TY - NEWS T1 - The Exploitation Of Migrant Workers In Canada A1 - Kuro5hin,  Y1 - 2014/// KW - safety KW - living conditions KW - work conditions KW - low wages UR - http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2005/1/13/114947/716 Y2 - 2014-04-22 JA - Kuro5hin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Los migrantes agrícolas “temporales” en Saint-Rémi, Quebec: representaciones sociales desde la óptica de sus habitantes IS - 2 N2 - A través de la teoría de las representaciones sociales propuesta por Sergei Moscovici (1979) y del empleo del trabajo etnográfico, explico en este artículo cuáles son las representaciones que tienen los inmigrantes, principalmente latinoamericanos, y aquellos nacidos en Quebec residentes en Saint-Rémi, tanto en el espacio urbano como en el rural, respecto de los trabajadores agrícolas “temporales”, y cómo dichas representaciones (en su mayoría negativas) impactan en el trato que se les da a los jornaleros mexicanos y guatemaltecos. Using the theory of social representations proposed by Sergei Moscovici (1979) and ethnographic work, this article explains the representations of “temporary” agricultural workers held by immigrants –mainly Latin Americans– and Quebec-born residents in Saint-Rémi both inurban and rural areas. The author also delves into how those representations – mostly negative–impact the treatment of Mexican and Guatemalan day-workers. A1 - Diaz Mendiburo, Aaron Y1 - 2014/// JA - NORTEAMÉRICA VL - 9 SP - 33 M2 - 33 SP - 33-58 ER - TY - GEN T1 - El Programa de Trabajo Agrícola Temporal en Canadá en su VII Aniversario 2003-2010. Una hipócrita negociación: Exportamos Mano de Obra barata con enormes rendimientos y altos lucros. Su Cruda perversion y magnificada degradación CY - Guatemala City PB - FLASCO A1 - Vargas-Foronda, Jacobo Y1 - 2014/// ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Migrant workers greeted by winter weather get help from Centre A1 - CBC News ,  Y1 - 2014/01/09/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/migrant-workers-greeted-by-winter-weather-get-help-from-centre-1.2490805 Y2 - 2014-01-25 JA - CBC News - Windsor ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Petits fruits - Les cueilleurs continueront d’être payés au rendement N2 - Le PQ renonce à accorder le salaire minimum à ces travailleurs saisonniers. Le gouvernement péquiste maintient la paie au rendement des cueilleurs de fraises et de framboises, gardant au moins un an de plus 10 000 travailleurs saisonniers à l’écart des dispositions de base de la Loi sur les normes... A1 - Bélair-Cirino, Marco Y1 - 2013/12/10/ UR - http://www.ledevoir.com/economie/actualites-economiques/394774/les-cueilleurs-continueront-d-etre-payes-au-rendement Y2 - 2013-12-17 JA - Le Devoir ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Ontario proposes sweeping new law to protect workers CY - thestar.com A1 - Laurie Monsebraaten,  A1 - Keung, Nicholas Y1 - 2013/12/05/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/immigration/2013/12/04/proposed_ontario_labour_law_extends_to_foreign_workers.html Y2 - 2013-12-05 JA - Toronto Star ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Between hearts and pockets: locating the outcomes of transnational homemaking practices among Mexican women in Canada's temporary migration programmes IS - 6-7 N2 - Temporary migration programmes (TMPs) contain features such as reduced costs and the social legitimation of regularized entry that allow women, including the very poor, to access transnational livelihoods. For mothers, taking up opportunities for employment abroad inevitably involves ‘transnational homemaking’, the set practices involved in caring for family relationships and maintaining household economies across borders. In this article, we examine the transnational homemaking practices undertaken by rural Mexican migrant women employed in highly masculinized TMPs in Canada, tracing how they construct and maintain household economies across borders through a delicate (re)negotiation of reproductive roles and responsibilities with non-migrating kin in Mexico. We find that migration yields material and subjective benefits that enable the expansion of their citizenship across multiple dimensions ranging from the economic to the sexual. At the same time, as racialized, gendered, migrants from the global South, their labour and status in Canada are highly precarious. The advantages derived from transnational migration are thus tenuous, limited, and contradictory. A1 - Kerry Preibish,  A1 - Encalada Grez, Evelyn Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13621025.2013.834131#.UpdNkRZPHDU Y2 - 2013-11-28 JA - Citizenship Studies VL - 17 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Salaires Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers Volet agricole Volet des professions peu spécialisées – Secteur agricole IS - 2013 PB - MICC N2 - Les employeurs doivent offrir, aux travailleurs agricoles étrangers temporaires visés par le Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers, par le Volet agricole et par le Volet des professions peu spécialisées– Secteur agricole un taux de salaire horaire égal ou supérieur aux taux mentionnés dans le tableau suivant. Ces taux minimaux sont déterminés par le MICC. Ces taux sont établis pour s’assurer que les salaires versés aux travailleurs agricoles étrangers temporaires sont comparables aux salaires versés aux travailleurs québécois, pour un travail identique. A1 - Ministère de l'immigration et des communautés culturelles (MICC),  Y1 - 2013/11/13/ UR - http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/employeurs/embaucher-temporaire/recrutement-travailleurs-agricoles/salaires.html Y2 - 2013-11-13 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Migrant workers give the local economy a boost A1 - CTV,  Y1 - 2013/11/01/ UR - http://barrie.ctvnews.ca/migrant-workers-give-the-local-economy-a-boost-1.1524640 Y2 - 2013-11-11 JA - CTV News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Lots of progress needed in area of farm safety A1 - Rance, Laura Y1 - 2013/08/03/ UR - http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/lots-of-progress-needed-in-area-of-farm-safety-218196062.html Y2 - 2013-08-07 JA - The Winnipeg Free Press ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Travailleurs étrangers : 11 M$ en billets d’avion! N2 - Il en coûte de plus en plus cher aux producteurs agricoles pour recourir à la main-d’œuvre étrangère temporaire. 22 mai 2013 A1 - Laprade, Yvon Y1 - 2013/05/22/ UR - http://www.laterre.ca/cultures/travailleurs-etrangers-11-m-en-billets-davion/ Y2 - 2013-05-30 JA - La Terre de chez nous ER - TY - NEWS T1 - De Santa Cruz (Guatemala) à Saint-Jacques de Montcalm N2 - Mercredi dernier, 7 h 40, aéroport Montréal-Trudeau. Aux arrivées, des producteurs agricoles de la Montérégie et de la région de Lanaudière attendent fébrilement leurs travailleurs venus du Guatemala. A1 - Laprade, Yvon Y1 - 2013/05/15/ UR - http://www.laterre.ca/cultures/de-santa-cruz-au-guatemala-saint-jacques-de-montca/ Y2 - 2013-06-13 JA - La Terre de chez nous ER - TY - NEWS T1 - «Si le patron est heureux, nous aussi, on est heureux» N2 - Ils s’appellent Jose, Mauro et Elmer. Ils viennent au Québec tous les printemps et ils retournent dans leur pays, le Guatemala, quand se pointe l’automne. A1 - Laprade, Yvon Y1 - 2013/05/15/ UR - http://www.laterre.ca/cultures/si-le-patron-est-heureux-nous-aussi-est-heureux/ Y2 - 2013-06-17 JA - La Terre de chez nous ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers face a changing landscape N2 - Will new rules protect both Canadians and temporary labour? A1 - Solyom, Catherine Y1 - 2013/05/02/ JA - The Gazette ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - ISRAEL: New report highlights exploitation of migrant workers PB - IRIN Humanitarian news and analysis Y1 - 2013/// KW - Exploitation KW - Asian migrant workers KW - Israel UR - http://www.irinnews.org/Report/86808/ISRAEL-New-report-highlights-exploitation-of-migrant-workers Y2 - 2013-04-28 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Choosing to become unauthorized Mexican & Central American migrant farm workers CY - CERIS - The Ontario Metropolis Centre PB - CERIS - The Ontario Metropolis Centre N2 - About the researchers Project title: Choosing to Become Unauthorized: A Case Study of Mexican Migrant Farm Workers in Leamington Tanya Basok is a professor at University of Windor’s Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology, and director of the Centre for Studies in Social Justice. Her research focuses principally on migration and migrant rights. She is particularly interested in how the notions of citizenship rights and human rights have been articulated and negotiated by grassroots and international organizations to advance the rights of migrants. She specializes in migration within and from Latin America. Danièle Bélanger is a professor of geography at Laval University in Quebec City. She is a former Canada Research Chair at Western University and the former director of Western’s Migration and Ethnic Relations Collaborative Graduate Program. Her research examines various international migration issues. She focuses on gender and migration, marriage migration, and temporary labour migration within Asia (Southeast Asia to East Asia) and North America (Mexico and Central America to Canada). She is particularly interested in documenting the migration experience to promote migrants’ rights. Eloy Rivas holds a BA in Sociology from the University of Sonora (Mexico), and an MA in Sociology from the University of Windsor. He is currently a doctoral candidate in sociology and political economy at Carleton University. His current research focuses on health-related problems faced by undocumented migrant workers in the underground agricultural labor market of southern Ontario, as well as workers’ collective responses to these problems. Basok, Bélanger , and Rivas authored a Final Report on the findings of this study: A1 - Basok , Tanya A1 - Bélanger , Danièle A1 - Rivas , Eloy Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.ceris.metropolis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/BASOK-Choosing-to-become-unauthorized-FINAL.pdf UR - http://www.ceris.metropolis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Final-Report-Basok.pdf Y2 - 2013-04-17 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Vulnerable Workers and Precarious Work IS - ISBN: 978-1-926661-56-8 PB - Ontario Law Commission N2 - FOREWORD The Law Commission of Ontario is pleased to release this Final Report on Vulnerable Workers and Precarious Work. This project had its genesis in several proposals for Law Commission projects, including those made at the Creative Symposium in November 2006 (which led to the creation of the Law Commission) as well as suggestions from the Labour and Feminist Legal Analysis Section of the Ontario Bar Association and, particularly from issues raised at the Racialization of Poverty Conference held in April 2008. The LCO’s Board of Governors approved the Project in June 2008. The Final Report is intended to focus on the challenges of insecure, low wage employment facing an increasing number of Ontarians resulting from economic, technological and global influences. We have highlighted major reports and research on the issues and presented 47 Recommendations for change, with a particular emphasis on the Employment Standards Act and the Occupational Health and Safety Act, along with related legislation, regulations, policies, processes, training and education. While the Report pays particular attention to the disproportionate numbers of women, racialized persons and immigrants undertaking precarious work, the Recommendations, if implemented, would benefit all workers in precarious jobs. This Report has been distributed to relevant government ministries and to organizations and individuals with an interest in the issues. The LCO is pleased to contribute this Report to the ongoing body of work on the most effective ways to respond to the needs of vulnerable workers. The Board of Governors approved this Final Report in December 2012. The Board’s approval reflects its members’ collective responsibility to manage and conduct the affairs of the Law Commission, and should not be considered an endorsement by individual members or by the organizations to which they belong or which they represent. A1 - Law Commission of Ontario,  Y1 - 2013/04/03/ UR - http://www.lco-cdo.org/fr Y2 - 2013-04-03 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Ontario Law Commission recommends sweeping changes to protect vulnerable workers N2 - A startling rise in “precarious work” — low-wage temp jobs with no benefits — needs to be addressed, says a report offering 47 recommendations. Y1 - 2013/04/03/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2013/04/03/ontario_law_commission_recommends_sweeping_changes_to_protect_vulnerable_workers.html Y2 - 2013-04-03 JA - The Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Temporary workers in Canada 'without rights' A1 - Taylor, Louisa Y1 - 2012/11/06/ UR - http://www.ottawacitizen.com/life/Temporary+workers+Canada+without+rights/7501410/story.html Y2 - 2014-03-05 JA - Ottawa Citizen SP - 1 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Advisory body urges province to leave farm workers exempt from health and safety laws A1 - McClure, Matt Y1 - 2012/09/17/ UR - http://www.calgaryherald.com/life/Advisory+body+urges+province+leave+farm+workers+exempt+from+health+safety+laws/7251072/story.html Y2 - 2012-09-18 JA - Calgary Herald ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Un travailleur agricole foudroyé à Saint-Rémi A1 - Santerre, David Y1 - 2012/07/18/ KW - accident KW - migrant worker JA - La Presse ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Foreign nationals working temporarily in Canada N1 - Statistiques. Graphiques. Données sur nombre de travailleurs temporaires. IS - Component of Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-008-X CY - Ottawa PB - Statistics Canada A1 - Statistics Canada,  Y1 - 2012/// T3 - Canadian Social Trends ER - TY - ADVS T1 - The Bigger Picture - Disposable labour PB - GlobalNews N2 - Thousands of foreign workers come here each year for low paid, low skill jobs that most Canadians don’t want – and they’re happy to get them. But as 16x9 discovered – many of those workers say they’ve been ripped off and exploited. Read it on Global News: Disposable labour - 16x9 - Videos | Global News A1 - GlobalNews,  Y1 - 2012/05/01/ UR - http://www.globalnews.ca/video/disposable+labour/video.html?v=2228323126#video UR - http://www.globalnews.ca/video/index.html?v=w9utwyzJOBfy4KM4sZY1CnxrgQqbychN#video Y2 - 2012-05-15 ER - TY - PAMP T1 - Travailleurs migrants au Canada: Main-d'oeuvre bon marché facilement abusée PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Frais de recrutement exorbitants, heures supplémentaires imposées et non rémunérées, conditions de travail dangereuses, piètres conditions de vie... Ce ne sont là que quelques exemples des nombreux abus subis par des travailleurs migrants au Canada. Ce document de quatre pages peut être utilisé aux fins de sensibilisation et éducation publique A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2012/04/01/ UR - http://ccrweb.ca/files/travailleursmigrants4pages.pdf Y2 - 2012-04-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Not Just a Few Bad Apples: Vulnerability, Health and Temporary Migration in Canada IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes A1 - Hennebry, Jenna L. Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-23 JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 74 M2 - 74 SP - 74-77 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Pick-Your-Own Labor: Migrant Workers and Flexibility in Canadian Agriculture IS - 2 PB - International Migration Review Y1 - 2010/// UR - https://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/pickyourownlabour.pdf Y2 - 2016-03-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From Fields of Power to Fields of Sweat: the dual process of constructing temporary migrant labour in Mexico and Canada IS - 3 N2 - This article examines the social construction of migrant labour forces through an analysis of the exterior and interior conditioning in an agricultural contract labour programme between Mexico and Canada. I argue that forms of exterior conditioning, especially employers’ point-of-production control, establishes the context within which migrant workers’ experience unfolds, for which reason it contributes to their ‘interior conditioning’. But I argue as well that the result is shaped by workers’ employment of a ‘dual frame of reference’ through which they gauge Canadian wages and working conditions the only way they can, which is in relationship to Mexican ones. Given that neoliberal policies have reduced the options available in Mexico, and diminished the attractiveness of those that remain, contract labour in Canada presents one of the few opportunities many poor, rural Mexicans have to acquire the income necessary for a minimally dignified life. Consequently most workers in this programme do everything possible to please their employers and continue in the programme. A1 - Binford, Leigh Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=5&hid=13&sid=feb7695c-ba8c-4597-be1a-8b5219f0be9e%40sessionmgr10&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=wdh&AN=37252117 Y2 - 2011-07-26 JA - Third World Quartely VL - 30 SP - 503 M2 - 503 SP - 503-517 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance Bits and Bites 2(29) PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance N2 - - Coroner’s Inquest set for December 8 – 18, 2009 - KAIROS funding gets cut by CIDA - UFCW Canada and AWA participate in National Day of Action Rally - AWA hits the airwaves in Toronto! A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2009/e-news-vol2-issue-29/ Y2 - 2011-06-06 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance Bits and Bites! 2(8) PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2009/news-vol-2-issue-8/ Y2 - 2011-06-04 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Rapport de recherche-évaluation : les travailleurs agricoles migrants mexicains et guatémaltèques de l’Île d’Orléans Portrait des besoins de santé, de l’accessibilité et des trajectoires d’utilisation des services de santé A1 - Amar et als, Maxime Y1 - 2009/// ER - TY - THES T1 - Shifting responsibilities in migrant matrifocal households: A look at transnational households in the Caribbean CY - Canada PB - University of Guelph (Canada) N2 - This research concerns itself with characteristics of contemporary migrations, such as an increased emphasis on temporary relocations over permanent resettlements, an engagement with socionormative gender roles within migrant households, and an increased focus on women's participation on both ends of the migratory spectrum. The decision to involve both migrants and non-migrants into this study results from the acknowledgment that both groups play different but invaluable roles in sustaining international migratory practices. To investigate these contemporary migration practices, this thesis performs a gendered analysis of Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) with emphasis placed on Caribbean migrants and Barbadian non-migrants who participate in international labour migration The research locations for this study were Canada and Barbados. A1 - Scantlebury, T. Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1897211101&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-06-11 VL - M.A. ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Les travailleurs étrangers temporaires et les travailleurs sans statut légal : rapport du Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration N1 - président, David Tilson. Rapport du Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration Temporary foreign workers and non-status workers 28 cm. "40e législature, 2e session". Diffusé par le Programme des services de dépôt du gouvernement du Canada. CY - Ottawa PB - Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration N2 - Au cours de la deuxième session de la 39e législature, le Comité a parcouru le Canada du 31 mars au 17 avril pour entendre des témoignages sur les travailleurs étrangers temporaires et les travailleurs sans statut légal (ou sans papiers1) et sur deux autres sujets. Durant une période de trois semaines, il a reçu une bonne centaine de mémoires (voir l’annexe B) et entendu plusieurs dizaines de témoins (voir l’annexe A) dans les 12 villes où il s’est arrêté : Vancouver, Edmonton, Moosejaw, Winnipeg, Kitchener- Waterloo, Scarborough, Toronto, Dorval, Québec, Fredericton, Halifax et St. John’s. Le Comité actuel a cru qu’il était important de terminer ce travail pendant la 40e législature. Les travailleurs étrangers temporaires et les travailleurs sans statut légal ont des parcours d’entrée au Canada qui sont différents, des statuts différents et des perspectives différentes de participation économique et sociale à la vie canadienne. Cependant, ils ont en commun leur statut non permanent et leur vulnérabilité à l’exploitation, ils viennent combler les mêmes pénuries de main-d’oeuvre et ont les mêmes difficultés à obtenir leur résidence permanente. La partie I du présent rapport s’attache aux programmes canadiens d’immigration destinés aux travailleurs étrangers temporaires. Elle met en lumière la situation actuelle et la vision pour l’avenir, les possibilités de transition du statut de travailleur temporaire à celui de résident permanent et divers aspects des programmes eux-mêmes, à savoir leurs composantes administratives, la protection des travailleurs et l’expérience des travailleurs. La partie II porte sur les travailleurs sans statut légal, terme adopté par le Comité au cours de son étude. Elle propose des moyens d’enrayer la croissance de la population de travailleurs sans statut légal. A1 - Canada. Parlement. Chambre des communes. Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration.,  Y1 - 2009/// T3 - 40e législation, 2e session ER - TY - THES T1 - Preliminary epidemiological study of latent tuberculosis in Mexican agricultural workers in the Niagara Region, Canada CY - Ottawa PB - Brock University N2 - It is well documented that the majority of Tuberculosis (TB) cases diagnosed in Canada are related to foreign-bom persons from TB high-burden countries. The Canadian seasonal agricultural workers program (SAWP) operating with Mexico allows migrant workers to enter the country with a temporary work permit for up to 8 months. Preiimnigration screening of these workers by both clinical examination and chest X-ray (CXR) reduces the risk of introducing cases of active pulmonary TB to Canada, but screening for latent TB (LTBI) is not routinely done. Studies carried out in industrialized nations with high immigration from TBendemic countries provide data of lifetime LTBI reactivation of around 10% but little is known about reactivation rates within TB-endemic countries where new infections (or reinfections) may be impossible to distinguish from reactivation. Migrant populations like the SAWP workers who spend considerable amounts of time in both Canada and TBendemic rural areas in Mexico are a unique population in terms of TB epidemiology. However, to our knowledge no studies have been undertaken to explore either the existence of LTBI among Mexican workers, the probability of reactivation or the workers' exposure to TB cases while back in their communities before returning the following season. Being aware of their LTBI status may help workers to exercise healthy behaviours to avoid TB reactivation and therefore continue to access the SAWP. In order to assess the prevalence of LTBI and associated risk factors among Mexican migrant workers a preliminary cross sectional study was designed to involve a convenience sample of the Niagara Region's Mexican workers in 2007. Research ethics clearance was granted by Brock University. Individual questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic and TB-related epidemiological data as well as TB knowledge and awareness levels. Cellular immunity to M tuberculosis was assessed by both an Interferon-y release assay (lGRA), QuantiFERON -TB Gold In-Tube (QFf™) and by the tuberculin skin test (TSn using Mantoux. A total of 82 Mexican workers (out of 125 invited) completed the study. Most participants were male (80%) and their age ranged from 22 to 65 years (mean 38.5). The prevalence of LTBI was 34% using TST and 18% using QFTTM. As previously reported, TST (using ~lOmm cut-off) showed a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 79.1 %. These findings at the moment cannot predict the probability of progression to active TB; only longitudinal cohort studies of this population can ascertain this outcome. However, based on recent publications, lORA positive individuals may have up to 14% probability of reactivation within the next two years. Although according to the SA WP guidelines, all workers undergo TB screening before entering or re-entering Canada, CXR examination requirements showed to be inconsistent for this population: whereas 100% of the workers coming to Canada for the first time reported having the procedure done, only 31 % of returning participants reported having had a CXR in the past year. None of the participants reported ever having a CXR compatible with TB which was consistent with the fact that none had ever been diagnosed with active pulmonary TB and with only 3.6% reporting close contact with a person with active TB in their lifetime. Although Mexico reports that 99% of popUlation is fully immunized against TB within the first year of age, only 85.3% of participants reported receiving BOC vaccine in childhood. Conversely, even when TST is not part of the routine TB screening in endemic countries, a suqDrisingly high 25.6% reported receiving a TST in the past. In regards to TB knowledge and awareness, 74% of the studied population had previous knowledge about (active) TB, 42% correctly identified active TB symptomatology, 4.8% identified the correct route of transmission, 4.8% knew about the existence of LTBI, 3.6% knew that latent TB could reactivate and 48% recognized TB as treatable and curable.Of all variables explored as potential risk factors for LTBI, age was the only one which showed statistical significance. Significant associations could not be proven for other known variables (such as sex, TB contact, history of TB) probably because of the small sample size and the homogeneity of the sample. Screening for LTBI by TST (high sensitivity) followed by confirmation with QFT''"'^ (high specificity) suggests to be a good strategy especially for immigrants from TB high-burden countries. After educational sessions, workers positive for LTBI gained greater knowledge about the signs and symptoms of TB reactivation as well as the risk factors commonly associated with reactivation. Additionally, they were more likely to attend their annual health check up and request a CXR exam to monitor for TB reactivation. A1 - Duarte, Angela Y1 - 2008/06/29/ UR - http://dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/1681 Y2 - 2011-08-04 T2 - Applied Health Sciences ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Farmworkers suffer lack of protection, Valley study finds CY - Vancouver A1 - Morton, Brian Y1 - 2008/06/19/ UR - http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/business/story.html?id=38003604-1155-41ce-9c12-ac27c742a620 Y2 - 2014-03-27 JA - Vancouver Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Report on B.C. farm workers' conditions describe unsafe work conditions CY - Vancouver A1 - Canadian Press,  Y1 - 2008/06/19/ KW - Working conditions KW - wage KW - safety KW - Farmworkers KW - sanitaries UR - http://www.justicia4migrantworkers.org/bc/pdf/canadian_press_ccpa_report.pdf Y2 - 2014-03-28 JA - Canadian Press ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporary Employment and Social Inequality in Canada: Exploring Intersections of Gender, Race and Immigration Status IS - 1 N2 - Using data from the 2002–2004 waves of Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this article investigates the consequences of different types of temporary employment—fixed-term or contract, casual, agency and seasonal employment—for differently situated workers in Canada. Attention to intersecting social locations of gender, race and immigrant status helps capture the complex implications of temporary work for inequality. In particular, it highlights the salience of gender relations in shaping workers’ experience of insecurity in different types of temporary employment. A1 - Vosko, Leah F A1 - Fuller, Sylvia Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-007-9201-8 Y2 - 2014-04-21 JA - Social Indicators Research VL - 88 SP - 20 M2 - 20 SP - 20 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative assessment of migrant farm worker health in conventional and organic horticultural systems in the United Kingdom IS - 1 N2 - This study describes the self-reported health and well-being status of field and packhouse workers in UK vegetable horticulture, and tests the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the self-reported health of workers on organic and conventional horticultural farms. The majority of those sampled were migrant workers (93%) from Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and the Ukraine. More than 95% of the respondents were aged 1834 and recruited through university agricultural faculties in East European or employed via UK agencies. The health of 605 farm workers (395 males and 210 females) was measured through the use of four standard health instruments. Farm workers' health was significantly poorer than published national norms for three different health instruments (Short Form 36, EuroQol EQ-5D and the Visual Analogue Scale). There were no significant differences in the health status of farm workers between conventional and organic farms for any of these three instruments. However, organic farm workers scored higher on a fourth health instrument the Short Depression Happiness Scale (SDHS) indicating that workers on organic farms were happier than their counterparts working on conventional farms. Multiple regression analysis suggested that the difference in the SDHS score for organic and conventional farms is closely related to the range and number of tasks the workers performed each day. These findings suggest that a great deal of improvement in the self-reported health of farmers will need to occur before organic farms meet the requirements of the 'Principle of Health' as described by IFOAM. Ensuring that farm workers have a varied range of tasks could be a cost effective means of improving self-reported health status in both organic and conventional farming systems. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 69] A1 - Cross, P. A1 - Edwards , R.T. A1 - Hounsome, B. Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063013 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Science of the Total Environment VL - 391 SP - 55 M2 - 55 SP - 55-65 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Le combat des migrants du Sud CY - Montréal A1 - Tendland, Amélie Y1 - 2008/01/01/ KW - travailleurs étrangers KW - conditions de travail KW - conditions de vie KW - vulnérabilité KW - dépendance KW - Code du travail UR - http://journal.alternatives.ca/spip.php?article3135 Y2 - 2014-03-31 JA - Alternatives SP - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the occupational morbidity for migrant and seasonal farmworkers in New York State: A comparison of two methods IS - 1 N2 - PURPOSE: Compare occupational morbidity estimates for migrant and seasonal farmworkers obtained from survey methods versus chart review methods and estimate the proportion of morbidity treated at federally recognized migrant health centers (MHCs) in a highly agricultural region of New York. METHODS: We simultaneously conducted 1) an occupational injury and illness survey among agricultural workers, 2) MHC chart reviews, and 3) hospital emergency room (ER) chart reviews. RESULTS: Of the 24 injuries reported by 550 survey subjects, 54.2% received treatment at MHCs, 16.7% at ERs, 16.7% at some other facility, and 12.5% were untreated. For injuries treated at MHCs or ERs, the incidence density based on survey methods was 29.3 injuries per 10,000 worker-weeks versus 27.4 by chart review. The standardized morbidity ratio for this comparison was 1.07 (95% confidence intervals = 0.65-1.77). CONCLUSIONS: Survey data indicated that 71% of agricultural injury and illness can be captured with MHC and ER chart review. MHC and ER incidence density estimates show strong correspondence between the two methods. A chart review-based surveillance system, in conjunction with a correction factor based on periodic worker surveys, would provide a cost-effective estimate of the occupational illness and injury rate in this population. [References: 20] A1 - Earle-Richardson, G. B. A1 - Brower, M.A. A1 - Jones, A.M. Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063238 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Annals of Epidemiology VL - 18 SP - 1 M2 - 1 SP - 1-7 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - 800 more foreign farm workers wanted this year. Mexicans and Jamaicans to fill 2,000 vacant jobs A1 - Constantineau, Bruce Y1 - 2007/06/27/ JA - Vancouver Sun SP - 1 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Se syndiquer pour se faire respecter PB - RCI A1 - Radio Canada,  Y1 - 2007/05/05/ UR - http://www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/societe/2007/05/05/001-travailleurs-mexicains.shtml Y2 - 2014-02-20 JA - Radio-Canada ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Falling through the Cracks : Seasonal Foreign Farm Workers Health and Compensation across Borders IS - 1 A1 - McLaughlin, Janet Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=brantford_hs Y2 - 2014-03-05 JA - The IAVGO Reporting Service VL - 21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vulnerable but feeling safe: HIV risk among male rural-to-urban migrant workers in Chengdu, China IS - 10 N2 - HIV prevalence is increasing in China. The proportion of infection attributable to heterosexual sex in China is also on the rise. The scale of internal migration for work is likely to be one of the factors contributing to these changing patterns, but little is known about HIV-related knowledge, perceptions and risk behaviours of China's migrant workers. This study aimed to investigate HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviours of male rural-to-urban migrant workers in Chengdu and to identify factors associated with risk behaviours. In 2005, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was completed by 163 male construction- and factory-based migrant workers aged 18-35 years. With a mean age of 26 years, just 30% had completed senior middle school and 47% were currently married. Respondents were highly mobile, worked long hours and were relatively poorly paid. As migrants, their access to urban services and benefits was restricted, making it difficult for family members to join them. Knowledge of HIV transmission was generally poor and discriminatory attitudes towards people with HIV were commonplace. Seventy-five percent were sexually experienced, among whom 88% had had sexual relations in the last 12 months. Of these, 30% had had two or more partners and 20% had paid for sex. just 36% had used a condom during the most recent sexual encounter with a sex worker. Around 70% thought it was 'impossible' for them to become infected, yet a significant sub-group were engaging in sexual behaviours that place them at risk of infection with HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Logistic Regression found a significant association between having multiple sexual partners and both education level and marital status. Education was also found to be significantly associated with purchasing sex. Targeted HIV-prevention programs for male migrant workers in Chengdu, especially for those who are single and less educated, are urgently needed. [References: 24] A1 - Li, L. A1 - Morrow, M A1 - Kermode, M Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18071973 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - AIDS Care VL - 19 SP - 1288 M2 - 1288 SP - 1288-1295 ER - TY - THES T1 - Main-d'oeuvre mexicaine sur les terres agricoles québécoises entre mythe et réalité CY - Québec PB - Université Laval N2 - Chaque année, des milliers de Mexicains arrivent au Canada par l’entremise du Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers pour combler la pénurie de main-d’œuvre à laquelle font face les agriculteurs canadiens. Chacun de ces deux acteurs sociaux bénéficie de la participation au programme malgré la critique qui résonne continuellement. Un portrait négatif du programme est dressé localement et internationalement lorsque des supposées conditions de travail abusives frôlant l’esclavage moderne sont dénoncées. Toutefois, cette vision est incomplète; elle néglige le point de vue des agriculteurs canadiens. En pleine crise économique et face à un avenir incertain, ils sont confrontés à des défis propres à l’agriculture maraîchère. Suite aux entrevues réalisées à l’été 2006 dans trois régions du Québec, la Montérégie, Lanaudière et la Capitale-Nationale, des résultats démontrant les liens d’interdépendance entre les travailleurs et les agriculteurs sont présentés. La nature du travail de la ferme est explorée et les résultats remettent en contexte la critique existante du Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers. Every year, under theSeasonal Agricultural Workers Program, Mexicans arrive on Canadian soil to fill the labour shortages with which farmers are faced. As individual social actors in a complex web of interdependence, both the Canadian farmer and the Mexican worker have their reasons for taking advantage of the program in spite of the criticism that surrounds it. The critiques are fueled by an international debate portraying farmers as mistreating, neglecting, and abusing their employees while depicting Mexican workers as victims of the program. However, this depiction is incomplete; it neglects the farmers’ perspective. Amidst a revenue crisis and faced with an uncertain future, producers are confronted by challenges specific to market gardening. Following interviews conducted in the summer of 2006 in three regions of Québec, Montérégie, Lanaudière, and the Québec City area, results demonstrated that interdependence between foreign workers and local producers was present. The nature of farm work is explored and the results attempt to put the existing critiques of the Seasonal Agricultural Worker’s Programme into a new context. A1 - Bronsard, Karen Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://archimede.bibl.ulaval.ca/archimede/fichiers/24927/ch01.html Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - THES T1 - The Changing Face of Farm Labour in British Columbia: The Expreriences of Migrant Quebecois and Mexican Agricultural Workers in the Okanagan Valley N1 - [electronic resource] : CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria N2 - Over the course of the 20th century, the type of farm labour desired by the North American agricultural industry and the strategies used to procure that labour have undergone significant changes. Rather than relying on immigrant or domestic workers, many growers are now choosing to import temporary foreign workers under contract programs such as the Canadian Mexican Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (MSAWP). This thesis discusses the implementation of the MSAWP in British Columbia's Okanagan Valley, a region that has for many years depended upon the labour of migrant Quebecois workers to harvest its crops but has for several years experienced severe agricultural labour shortages. Based on fieldwork which explored the experiences of Mexican and Quebecois migrant farmworkers in the Okanagan. it is suggested that the valley's labour shortage has largely been created by the agricultural industry and government, neither of which have improved the conditions of farmwork to the point where agricultural labour would appeal to Canadian workers, and that the MSAWP's implementation has a number of implications, both positive and negative, for agricultural labourers and farmers in the valley. A1 - Leibel, Geody Cassandra Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://dspace.library.uvic.ca:8080/handle/1828/975 Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - La hacienda de Champlain A1 - Moisan, Évelyne Y1 - 2006/07/12/ JA - Le Nouvelliste SP - 2 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Justice for Migrant Farm Workers: Reflections on the Importance of Community Organising A1 - Justicia for Migrant Workers,  A1 - Encalada Grez, Evelyn Y1 - 2006/// KW - migrant workers KW - Association KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Union KW - Working conditions KW - health KW - living conditions KW - rights KW - dangerous tasks UR - http://www.socialistproject.ca/relay/relay12.pdf Y2 - 2014-04-07 JA - Relay VL - 12 SP - 23 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land, ethnic, and gender change: Transnational migration and its effects on Guatemalan lives and landscapes N2 - Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, this article analyses how migrants and their remittances effect gender relations, ethnicity, land use, and land distribution. Evidence is drawn from research in four communities. San Pedro Pinula and Gualan represent communities of eastern Guatemala. San Cristobal Totonicapan is an Indigenous town in Guatemala's western highlands, and San Lucas is a lowland frontier community in the Guatemalan department of Ixcan, which borders Chiapas, Mexico. The results suggest that migrants and their financial and social remittances result in significant changes in land use and land distribution in Ixcan. Migrant money permits the conversion of rainforest into cattle pasture and also results in the accumulation of land in the hands of migrants. In terms of land use, we see in San Pedro Pinula that migrant money also allows the Pokoman Maya to make small entries into the Ladino (non-indigenous) dominated cattle business. In San Pedro Pinula, the migration and return of Maya residents also permits them to slowly challenge ethnic roles. Also in Gualan and San Cristobal migration and social remittances permit a gradual challenge and erosion of traditional gender roles. However, migration-related changes in traditional gender and ethnic roles is only gradual because migrants, despite their increased earnings and awareness, are confronted with a social structure that resists rapid change. Despite the advantages that migration brings to many families, especially in the face of a faltering national economy and state inactivity regarding national development, the analysis suggests that migration and remittances have not resulted in community or nation-wide development. A1 - Taylor, Matthew Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://www.ssrc.org/publications/view/E625C1F4-8650-DE11-AFAC-001CC477EC70/ Y2 - 2011-08-04 JA - Geoforum VL - 37 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A cohort study of injuries in migrant farm worker families in south Texas IS - 4 N2 - PURPOSE: This cohort Study estimated the frequency of and risk factors for work injuries among migrant farmworker families over a two-year period. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 267 families. Bilingual interviewers asked mothers to respond for their family soliciting demographic, psychosocial, employment, and work-related injury information. Cox regression was used to examine risk factors for first injury events. RESULTS: Of the 267 families, nearly 60% migrated and 96% of these completed the follow-up interviews. These families represented about 3 10 individuals each year who had participated in farmwork on average 6 days a week, 10 hours a day, for 2.7 months in the past year. Twenty-five work-related injuries were reported with an overall rate of 12.5/100 FTE (95% C.I., 8.6-19.0). Working fora contractor increased the hazard ratio, and use of car seat belts and working for more than one employer during the season decreased it. CONCLUSIONS: If person-time at risk for injuries is taken into account the reported injuries are substantial. Because the injuries were quite diverse, specific interventions may have to focus on improved working conditions (physical and economic), ergonomic modifications, and enhanced enforcement of existing regulations. [References: 46] A1 - Cooper, S. P. A1 - Burau, K.E. A1 - Frankowski, R. Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994097 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Annals of Epidemiology VL - 16 SP - 313 M2 - 313 SP - 313-320 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Un agriculteur condamné pour discrimination raciale A1 - La Presse Canadienne,  Y1 - 2005/04/19/ JA - La Voix de l'Est SP - 26 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Programme des travailleurs agricole saisonniers étrangers au Canada. Bilan (provisoire au 31 octobre) saison 2005 Région de Québec PB - Service Canada A1 - Service Canada,  A1 - Lauzon, Mario Y1 - 2005/// ER - TY - NEWS T1 - The Exploitation of Migrant Workers In Canada A1 - Kuro5hin,  Y1 - 2005/01/13/ UR - http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2005/1/13/114947/716 Y2 - 2014-03-28 JA - Kuro5hin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbal remedies used by selected migrant farmworkers in El Paso, Texas IS - 2 N2 - Context: Little is known about the use of complementary and alternative medicine among the approximately 1.6 million migrant farmworkers in the United States. Purpose: To evaluate the use of medicinal plants and natural remedies among a convenience sample of 100 migrant farmworkers living temporarily in a migrant worker center in El Paso, Texas. Methods: A structured interview instrument was designed to elicit information about reasons for medicinal herb use, form in which herbs were ingested, serious side effects experienced, location of purchase, effectiveness of treatment, and use of allopathic medications. Findings: The majority of workers used herbal remedies or other natural products because they believed them to be more effective than pharmaceuticals and because of tradition. Most learned about herbal remedies from a relative, primarily from their mother, and the majority who used herbal remedies believed them to be very helpful in treating specific illnesses. No adverse reactions to any herbal remedy were reported. The majority of participants did not inform their physician about their use of herbal remedies. According to the literature, potential adverse interactions between herbal remedies used and allopathic medications included gastrointestinal irritation, renal toxicity, and hypoglycemia. Conclusions: Health care providers must be knowledgeable about the use of herbal remedies among migrant farmworkers. By showing an understanding of and sensitivity to the use of these remedies, health care providers will be able to conduct more comprehensive health assessments of migrant workers and their families and provide them with more culturally competent care. [References: 24] A1 - Poss, J. Y1 - 2005/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15859058 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Journal of Rural Health VL - 21 SP - 187 M2 - 187 SP - 187-191 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Harvesting Seeds of Justice: The Plight of Migrant Farm Workers in Ontario A1 - Encalada Grez, Evelyn Y1 - 2005/// UR - http://www.yorku.ca/weimag/BACKISSUES/2000.html Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Women and Environments International Magazine VL - 68/69 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender transformative odysseys: Tracing the experiences of transnational migrant women in rural Canada N2 - The SAWP operates in nine Canadian provinces, but over 80 per cent of workers are concentrated in Ontario. Although the SAWP is carried out under the federal Immigration Refugee and Protection Act and Regulations and implemented within bilateral frameworks of agreement between Canada and the labour source countries,4 it is governed by provincial statutes with regard to employment standards, labour and health (Verma). Since it is illegal in the province of Ontario for agricultural workers to unionize, the vast majority of Canada's SAWP workers are thus unable to seek the support of labour leaders to represent them before their employers. They are able, however, to contact home country designates, but worker assessments of their representatives have been less than favourable, if not damning (Basok; Binford; [Kerry Preibisch] 2000, 2003; [Verduzco Igartua]). While this may suggest incompetence, labour supply countries are limited in their capacity to represent workers' interests by the very structure of the SAWP that allows employers to choose, on an annual basis, the countries that will supply them with labour, a privilege that disempowers the participating labour-exporting states and leads to heavy competition between them to deliver productive, disciplined workers (Preibisch 2004). Within the current global economy, remittances represent an integral source of foreign exchange for all labour supply countries in the SAWP. Further, women cited that the key difference in men's and women's experience was that migrant men leave their children in the care of their wives, while women must leave their children with their mothers, female kin, a neighbour, or at times, an older sibling. Leaving their children engendered significant emotional strain for both men and women. An estimated 40 per cent of Mexican workers spend a larger part of the year working in Canada than in their home communities (FARMS). While all workers spoke of the pain of family separation, women's experiences were perhaps more acute considering that to some degree within all classes in Mexico, and especially in low-income groups, motherhood is the assumed primary adult gender role and carries enormous symbolic power (Logan). While for men, engaging in transnational livelihoods means fulfilling their primary gender role as breadwinners, for women it implies deserting theirs, as it has been traditionally defined. One woman felt that she has not been "a 100 per cent mom" to her child. Another stated that "I've always told myself that my first responsibility is my children, and in that sense I feel that I am not fulfilling it because I'm not with them. This depresses me." Community groups and health professionals working with the migrant community reported high rates of mental health issues, particularly among women (Preibisch 2003). While in most rural Mexican communities, women face rigid social barriers to leaving their localities unattended or talking to men other than their husbands, women exercising transnational livelihoods in Canada get on a plane, travel thousands of kilometres, and spend eight months unattended and unsupervised. As mentioned, women's decisions to work in Canada were often met with resistance by their families, including one woman's brothers who accused her of abandoning her children. Mexican men and women's own families are not alone in seeking to control women and their sexuality; employers also actively do so. For example, some employers abuse a provision in the SAWP allowing them to set down "farm rules" outlining care of the property and the use of amenities by including rules that forbid female workers to leave the farm, prohibit visitors of the opposite sex, or establish a curfew. These measures work to reduce non-citizen migrants' social commitments and further discipline the workforce. A1 - Preibisch, Kerry Y1 - 2005/// UR - https://pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/cws/article/viewFile/6071/5259 Y2 - 2011-08-04 JA - Canadian Woman Studies VL - 24 ER - TY - THES T1 - So, what can we do? we are coming here to work, human security and the agricultural worker program CY - Ottawa PB - Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, N2 - This thesis explored how the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program Impacts the various dimensions of "human security" of the life of Mexicans in Canada and in the community of Las Nubes in Mexico. Special attention is given to describing the perceptions of the Mexicans regarding the possibilities of whether they are able to transfer the technology that they learned in Canada to their communities of origin and to assess if the participation of Mexicans in the SWAP either promote, hinder or is irrelevant to development in Las Nubes. A1 - Rocha Mier, Alejandra Leticia Y1 - 2005/// UR - http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol2/001/mr01852.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Conditions Tough for Canada's Migrant Workers Y1 - 2004/10/11/ UR - http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/conditions-tough-for-canadas-migrant-workers/ Y2 - 2014-04-03 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Les parias du travail saisonnier N2 - Mexico P.Q. Les frontières de la misère A1 - Touzin, Caroline Y1 - 2004/10/02/ JA - La Presse SP - 3 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Mexico P.Q. Les frontières de la misère. Sensibiliser les employeurs A1 - Touzin, Caroline Y1 - 2004/10/02/ JA - La Presse SP - 2 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Les travailleurs agricoles mexicains au Canada N2 - L'industrie agricole canadienne est complètement dépendante du labeur d'une main d'oeuvre qui provient de pays pauvres. Afin de pouvoir continuer de produire des quantités importantes de fruits et de légumes, le Canada fait venir des travailleurEs agricoles temporaires grâce au Programme agraire saisonnier des travailleurs mexicains. Les travailleurs étrangers sont souvent pauvres et ont vraiment besoin de ce travail qui permet de faire vivre leur famille dans leur pays d'origine, mais les conditions de travail laissent souvent à désirer et leurs droits sont parfois violés. A1 - Solidarity Across Borders,  Y1 - 2004/// KW - syndicalisation KW - travailleurs étrangers KW - conditions de travail KW - conditions de vie KW - vulnérabilité KW - dépendance KW - SAWP JA - Solidarité sans frontières SP - 7 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Canadian Migrant Agricultural Workers' Program Research Project - The Caribbean Component PB - North-South Institute A1 - Downes, Andrew A1 - Odle-Worrell, Cyrilene Y1 - 2004/// UR - http://www.nsi-ins.ca/english/pdf/exec_sum_downes.pdf Y2 - 2014-02-20 T3 - Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program as a Model of est Practices in Migrant Worker Participation in the Benefits of Economic Globalization Project ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Searching for wages and mothering from afar: The case of Honduran transnational families N2 - This article draws on data from a 2-year two-country study that included 157 people to explore the survival strategies of poor Honduran transnational families. I argue that transnational families, defined as those divided between two nation-states who have maintained close ties, depend on a cross-border division of labor in which productive labor occurs in the host country and reproductive labor in the home country. This article bridges the literatures on transnationalism and families. The transnationalism literature tends to focus on macro processes, whereas the literature on families assumes proximity. This research helps fill the gap in both literatures, exposing the ways in which processes of economic globalization have radically altered family form and function. A1 - Schmalzbauer, Leah Y1 - 2004/// UR - http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3600342?uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21102608996817 Y2 - 2011-08-04 JA - Journal of Marriage and Family VL - 66 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Aucun pays n'est à l'abris des pesticides A1 - Côté, Charles Y1 - 2003/11/22/ JA - La Presse SP - 6 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Puerto Vallarta sans la mer N2 - p. B5 A1 - Berthelet, Myriam Y1 - 2003/08/11/ UR - http://www.lapresse.ca/archives/2003.php Y2 - 2014-02-20 JA - La Presse ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Petits fruits : petits salaires A1 - Gagnon, Katia Y1 - 2003/06/08/ JA - La Presse SP - 8 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Les cueilleurs de fruits de toucheront pas le salaire minimum A1 - Normand, Gilles Y1 - 2003/05/17/ JA - La Presse SP - 10 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Human Rights and Citizenship: the Case of Mexican Migrants in Canada PB - Working Papers, Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, UC San Diego N2 - According to several scholars, the emergence of supra-national human rights institutions have caused a fundamental shift from national citizenship (a nation-based notion of rights) to post-national citizenship )a more individual-based universal conception of rights based on an international human rights regime). The notion of "postnational citizenship" has been challenged by many researchers who have argued that universal principles of human rights cannot be implemented and enforced without the consent of nation-states. Although nation-states have demonstrated a certain degree of respect for universal principles, their commitment to the ideas of post-national citizenship are based on a conception of citizenship rooted in membership in a particular bound community. The two notions of citizenship--one linked to inclusive universal rights and the other to membership in an exclusive community--are at times contradictory. Using the case of Mexican migrants working in Canada, this presentation will emphasize the difference between rights as a set of principles and laws on the one hand, and their actual practice and implementation on the other. Basok will argue that whereas legal access to economic rights has been extended to non-citizens residing in the national territory of sovereign nation-states, membership in the national community has often been denied to them, thus precluding them from exercising the rights to which they have been granted legal access. A1 - Basok, Tanya Y1 - 2003/// UR - http://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m1168t3 Y2 - 2011-08-04 JA - Working Paper VL - 72 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - St-Dominique : 13 travailleurs blessés N2 - p. 6. A1 - Lemay, Éric-Yvan Y1 - 2000/09/07/ JA - La Voix de l'Est ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive models of domestic violence and fear of intimate partners among migrant and seasonal farm worker women N1 - Van Hightower NR KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA. URL: http://www.wkap.nl N2 - Despite a growing body of knowledge concerning family abuse, there is little research focusing on domestic violence in rural settings. Likewise, there is a paucity of research on family abuse among low-income and racial/ethnic minorities who reside in rural areas. This study examined the prevalence of domestic abuse experienced by low-income, predominantly Latina farm worker women. Using logistic regression analysis, we analyzed factors that predict victimization and the influence of those factors on women's fear of their intimate partners. Survey data were collected from 1001 adult female patients of 11 migrant farm worker health care clinics in nine states. Among the study participants, 19% had been physically or sexually, abused by a husband boyfriend or companion. The strongest predictors of domestic abuse were drug/alcohol use by the respondent's partner pregnancy, and migrant status, The factors that most influenced respondents' fear of their intimate patients Mere abuse anti frequency of abuse. The article concludes by discussing implications of the study for domestic violence intervention, treatment, and research in rural settings. [References: 41] A1 - Van Hightower, N. R. Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1007538810858#page-1 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Journal of Family Violence VL - 15 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Immigrants and the labour force : policy, regulation, and impact CY - Montreal PB - McGill-Queen's University Press N2 - First, Canada's primary source for immigrants has shifted dramatically from the United Kingdom and Europe to countries outside Europe. Second there has been a remarkable transformation in the nature of work: Canada's economy has changed from relying on resource extraction to an emphasis on manufacturing, and presently is emerging as post-industrial and knowledge-based. Pendakur combines an analysis of parliamentary debates on immigration issues with an evaluation of the regulatory and policy changes that resulted from these discussions and an analysis of how the work of immigrants changed over a five-decade. He then provides both a political and quantitative analysis by looking at issues that affect not only immigrants but minorities born in Canada in order to assess the degree to which labour market discrimination exists and whether employment equity programs are needed. (Amazon) A1 - Pendakur, Ravi Y1 - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR T1 - He Came, He Saw, He ...Stayed. Guest Worker Programmes and the Issue of Non-Return N2 - By comparing the US Bracero Program with the Canadian Mexican Agricultural Seasonal Workers' Program, it is shown that three aspects of program administration account for why so many braceros stayed in the US illegally, while almost all temporary workers employed in Canada return to Mexico at the end of the season: (1) recruitment policies & procedures, (2) enforcement of employment & housing-related minimum standards, & (3) the size of the program. It is suggested that the administration of the program, in turn, reflects various interests that shape the state's position on foreign labor. Whereas in the US the Bracero Program was tailored to meet the needs of agribusinesses, the Canadian state responds to a wider variety of interests, including its own concern with the definition of ideal citizenship, as well as the need to protect domestic workers & the Mexican government's interest in assisting those who are most needy. Additionally, unlike the US, where braceros were employed mainly in agribusinesses, in Canada, Mexicans are brought to work on family farms. While desertion was a frequent phenomenon in the US, the paternalistic relationships that Canada-bound workers develop with their employers make desertion unlikely. Further, the US braceros who stayed behind were assisted by other resident Mexicans & Chicanos & were easily absorbed into the economic infrastructure that feeds off undocumented labor. In contrast, in Canada, neither the social network nor the economic infrastructure that would facilitate nonreturn is present. 43 References. Adapted from the source document. A1 - Basok, Tanya Y1 - 2000/// JA - International Migration VL - 38 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Un tracteur est en cause dans la moitié des 100 accidents mortels qui surviennent chaque année dans les fermes canadiennes N2 - Pickett W et al « Fatal work-related farm injuries in Canada, 1991-1995», Journal de l'Association médicale canadienne, vol 160, no 13, 29 juin 1999 BACKGROUND: Studies from other developed countries have shown that agriculture is among the most dangerous occupational sectors in terms of work-related deaths. The authors describe the occurrence of fatal work-related farm injuries in Canada and compare these rates with those in other Canadian industries. METHODS: The authors present a descriptive, epidemiological analysis of data from the recently established Canadian Agricultural Injury Surveillance Program. The study population comprised Canadians who died from work-related farm injuries between 1991 and 1995. Crude, age-standardized, age-specific and provincial rates of such injuries are presented, as are overall death rates in other Canadian industries. Other factors examined were the people involved, the mechanism of injury, and the place and time of injury. RESULTS: There were 503 deaths from work-related farm injuries during the study period, for an overall annual rate of 11.6 deaths per 100,000 farm population. Modest excesses in this rate were observed in Ontario, Quebec and the Atlantic provinces. High rates were observed among men of all ages and among elderly people. Among the cases that listed the person involved, farm owner-operators accounted for 60.2% of the people killed. There was no substantial increase or decrease in the annual number of deaths over the 5 years of study. The leading mechanisms of fatal injury included tractor rollovers, blind runovers (person not visible by driver), extra-rider runovers, and entanglements in machinery. Compared with other industries, agriculture appears to be the fourth most dangerous in Canada in terms of fatal injury, behind mining, logging and forestry, and construction. INTERPRETATION: Canada now has a national registry for the surveillance of fatal farm injuries. Farming clearly is among the most dangerous occupations in Canada in terms of fatal work-related injuries. Secondary analyses of data from this registry suggest priorities for prevention, continued surveillance and in-depth research. A1 - Pratte, André Y1 - 1999/07/05/ UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405669 UR - http://www.cmaj.ca/content/160/13/1843.abstract Y2 - 2014-02-25 JA - La Presse SP - 9 ER - TY - GEN T1 - La main-d'oeuvre agricole saisonnière transportée quotidiennement de la région de Montréal : profil socio-économique et insertion professionnelle N1 - "l’alternance travail/chômage/aide sociale exprime la vulnérabilité et marginalisation vécues par ces travailleurs sur le marché de l’emploi. Ils peuvent parfois occuper, en dehors de la saison agricole, de petits boulots dans les agences de placement de main-d’oeuvre ou les manufactures, reconnus pour leurs bas salaires. De fait, nous avons constaté d’emblée que l’emploi agricole saisonnier transporté est conçu comme – et semble effectivement être – un emploi de dépannage. Ainsi, l’emploi agricole est pour la majorité des immigrants – qui ont une charge familiale élevée et, par surcroît, qui envoient de l’argent à leurs parents restés au pays d’origine– une question de survie. La différenciation importante constatée à ce chapitre entre immigrants et natifs s’explique par cette charge familiale des premiers, sans aucune mesure avec celle des seconds, et par les contraintes et obstacles supplémentaires vécus par les requérants du statut de réfugié, immigrants les plus vulnérables, qui composent une partie importante de la main-d’oeuvre agricole occasionnelle autour de Montréal. Plusieurs immigrants vivent de toute évidence une situation de dénuement quasi total au moment d’entrer dans le secteur horticole (p.132)" "Ainsi, sur le plan des conditions de travail, le manque de respect caractérise les rapports sur certaines exploitations agricoles: non-respect des normes de travail, non-respect de la santé des travailleurs, nonrespect de leur dignité humaine. De façon quasi unanime et en concordance avec l’ensemble de nos données objectives, les répondants affirment l’existence de discrimination, sur certaines fermes, à l’endroit des immigrants, particulièrement les Noirs, et peut-être davantage encore les hommes Noirs. La discrimination peut se constater dès l’étape du recrutement, puisque tous les répondants immigrants ont déjà connu des difficultés pour se faire embaucher et que des Noirs se trouvent être exclus de certains lieux, de certaines fermes, situations que n’ont pas connues les natifs de notre groupe témoin. La brutalité langagière et les pressions, le non-paiement de temps de travail, l’absence de toilettes, la rareté ou l’insalubrité de l’eau, toutes ces atteintes à la dignité des travailleurs dévalorisent l’emploi agricole . Des rapports sociaux bien concrets sont donc à la source et entretiennent l’inégalité caractérisant le statut de travailleur agricole occasionnel (p.133)." "Au niveau du patron, de porter plus attention à la relation humaine, aussi... puis aux besoins, pas nécessairement juste physiologiques des gens mais aux besoins psychologiques aussi, parce que c’est un travail qui se déroule assez vite et c’est un travail de longue durée. Pendant neuf heures, on est pris dans la même position, dans les mêmes choses. Là, c’est sûr qu’il faut créer un climat quand même agréable, pour que les gens arrivent à être détendus, à être bien dans leur peau [...]. De la part des employeurs, peut-être, revoir un peu leurs attitudes envers les employés [...]. Ils nous prennent pour des machines: on est juste des machines qui ne font toute la journée que ramasser, ramasser. On n’est pas juste ça. Il faut savoir aussi travailler avec les gens. (Entrevue 14, immigrant)" (p.126). "L’absence d’eau et de toilettes étant une question qui les préoccupe, il n’est pas étonnant que des travailleurs ait mentionné ces éléments comme des améliorations prioritaires à apporter" (p.128). "Six éléments sont particulièrement ressortis : 1-un endroit propre où manger, avec des tables, des verres, protégé du soleil; 2- un endroit où mettre le lunch et garder la nourriture au frais: un frigidaire; 3- un espace pour changer de vêtements; 4- un espace de rangement pour le sac à dos; 5- un endroit pour s’asseoir un peu, durant les pauses; 6- un endroit où il y ait de l’eau chaude pour pouvoir se réchauffer, en automne (p. 128). "Une recommandation émerge plus souvent que les autres: que les SEA encadrent les producteurs et veillent de près au respect des droits des travailleurs ainsi qu’au maintien des conditions de travail minimales: eau, toilettes, bon accueil sur les fermes... En conséquence, que les producteurs ne respectant pas les règles ne reçoivent pas de main-d’oeuvre des SEA (p.130)." Dans certaines productions au rendement, telles les fraises ou les framboises, il arriverait que natifs et immigrants travaillent séparément, ces derniers se retrouvant dans un champ moins rempli. C’est ainsi que certains travailleurs immigrants réussiraient à accumuler des salaires aussi maigres que 5 $, 15 $ ou 35 $ pour une journée, comme nous l’avons évoqué précédemment. Cette native a bien vu le manège: "C’est comme où on est présentement, la première semaine, ils nous ont mis, nous autres, dans les belles fraises puis le reste de la gang, ils les ont mis dans un champ qui était pas beau [...]. Oui. Puis ça été une semaine, une semaine et demie comme ça. Nous autres, dans l’fond, on était ben content [...]. Oui, les Québécois, leur monde à eux autres qui sont là le matin là, on était dans les belles, dans l’beau champ que les fraises étaient toutes ben sorties [rire] [...]. Oui, ça, j’ai vu ça. (Entrevue 46, native)" (p.106). PB - INRS A1 - Simard, Myriam A1 - Mimeault, Isabelle Y1 - 1997/05/27/ UR - http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/bs1984658 Y2 - 2014-03-27 ER - TY - THES T1 - The Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program in Ontario from the perspective of Jamaican migrants CY - Ottawa PB - National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, N2 - The phenomenon of offshore migrant labour in Canada poses an interesting challenge to the literature dealing with unfree labour relations in capitalist societies. This thesis uses in-depth interviews with Jamaican migrant labourers in Ontario. dong with supporting statistical data to further our understanding of the subjective domain of labour relations in agriculture- According to the literature The Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program constitutes a system of unfree labour, and many employers in the Ontario agricultural sector benefit from this system. Jamaican migrant workers do not necessarily share this view of unfreedom. While recognizing the definite restrictions as defined in the contract, these migrants accept the conditions of employment as a trade off for the opportunity of material advancement not available to them in Jamaica. This discrepancy over the definition of unfree labour reflects the disparities between the North and the South and needs to be addressed. A1 - Knowles, Kimberly Y1 - 1997/// UR - http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24478.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory health of hispanic migrant farm workers in indiana N1 - Garcia JGN N2 - The prevalence of respiratory disease in a Midwest Hispanic (mostly Mexican) migrant from worker population was investigated Chronic respiratory symptoms (cough, wheezing, sputum production) in adult workers (n = 354) were elevated (8.5%, 6.2%, 6.5%, respectively) and were accompanied by physiologic abnormalities as determined by pulmonary function testing. Over 15% of the adult cohort exhibited a FEV(1)/FVC < 75, and over 14% had FEF(25-75) values which were less than 60% of predicted. The observed airflow obstruction of both large and small airways was not explained by cigarette usage (43%) in the adult cohort (current/past smokers). Tuberculin skin tests (TST) were positive (greater than or equal to 10 mm) in 55/195 melt and 35/123 women for a total prevalence of 28.3%. No case of active tuberculosis (TB) was identified by either chest X-ray (CXR) or sputum cultures (in selected cases). In contrast to. adult farm workers, who were predominantly born in Mexico (70%), only 36% of adolescent workers (age 11-28 years, n = 107) were born in Mexico with only 7.5% exhibiting TST positivity. Airflow obstruction of large airways (5.8%) and small airways (12.9%) were also less common in adolescents than adults. In summary these studies document respiratory dysfunction in Hispanic migrant farm workers in Indiana and highlight the need to closely monitor the respiratory health of this high-risk population. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [References: 32] A1 - Garcia, J. G. N. Y1 - 1996/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8808039 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - American Journal of Industrial Medicine VL - 29 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Work of strangers : a survey of international labour migration N1 - Peter Stalker. CY - Geneva PB - ILO N2 - This book concentrates on the movement of people. Around 80 million people now live in foreign lands (not counting the former Soviet Union and ex-Yugoslavia). And their numbers are rising steadily. One million people emigrate permanently each year, while another million seek political asylum. Added to these are 18 million refugees, driven from their homelands by natural disaster or in the hunt for political asylum. [...] The statistics may not be very precise, but recent trends in international migration have been causing increasing alarm in industrialized countries. The waves of asylum seekers from developing countries, and the potential flood of economic migrants from East to West have stirred up primitive fears. Xenophobia and racism are on the increase, and opportunist politicians have taken the opportunity to redirect popular discontent to immigrant communities. A1 - Stalker, Peter Y1 - 1994/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=JNXElTfvykIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=The+Work+of+strangers+:+a+survey+of+international+labour+migration&ots=V2osE0Hxqh&sig=NR8yjPZPgjFr3Xf7tWBcgCiRdro#v=onepage&q&f=false Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Caribbean Migrant Farm Worker Programme in Ontario: Seasonal Expansion of West Indian Economic Spaces IS - 1 N2 - Individual characteristics & earning levels of Caribbean migrant workers participating in the Canadian Foreign Agricultural Resource Management Services, established in 1966, are examined, based on a 1987 questionnaire survey of 297 farm workers in Ontario, & anthropological observations conducted in 1987/88. Findings show that migrant workers are able to plan life strategies based on the recurrent opportunities to work in Ontario; they are perceived as nomads, able to extend their geographic space. The minimal weekly wage of $250 per worker is considered a highly effective form of foreign aid, & there are benefits for Ontario's economy as well. 14 Tables, 15 References. I. Shagrir A1 - Cecil, R. G. Y1 - 1992/// UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2435.1992.tb00674.x/abstract Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - International Migration/Migrations Internationales/Migraciones Internationales VL - 30 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - La consuls du Mexique jette les accusations de manifestants N2 - p A12 A1 - Béliveau, Jules Y1 - 1991/10/22/ JA - La Presse ER - TY - NEWS T1 - [La situation des travailleurs agricoles au Québec] : l'important dans la cueillette des concombres : l'étiquette verte A1 - Sarfati, Sonia Y1 - 1989/07/23/ JA - La Presse SP - 6 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Success Factors to Improve Seasonal Agricultural Employment: Program Evaluation PB - The Coopers & Lybrand Consulting Group N2 - Submitted to: Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers' Association and Canadian Horticultural Council Submitted by : Christine Lucyk A1 - Christine Lucyk,  A1 - The Coopers & Lybrand Consulting Group,  Y1 - 1988/// ER - TY - RPRT T1 - 1980 review of agricultural manpower programs : a summary of review findings PB - Canada Employment and Immigration Commission N2 - I - 1980 review of agricultural manpower programs : a summary of review findings II - Commonwealth Caribbean and Mexican seasonal agricultural workers programs : review of 1979 payroll records III - Utilization of Caribbean and Mexican workers programs A1 - Canada Employment and Immigration Commission ,  Y1 - 1980/// ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Housing for migrant workers CY - [Toronto] PB - Ministry of Agriculture and Food A1 - Stone, R. P. Y1 - 1974/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books/about/Housing_for_Migrant_Workers.html?id=IyOhMwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER -