TY - RPRT T1 - Labor trafficking on specific temporary work visas: A data analysis 2018-2020 CY - Washington, D.C., U.S PB - Polaris Project N2 - Temporary work visas are intended to provide decent jobs to migrant workers while helping U.S. businesses meet their labor needs by filling mostly low-wage jobs that would otherwise sit vacant. Policymakers often refer to the migrants who come to this country as “guest workers.” But data from the National Human Trafficking Hotline shows that these guests — workers who have followed all the rules and laws and are expecting simply to earn a decent living and return home — are frequently exploited and even victimized by forced labor and other forms of trafficking. Indeed, exploitation, trafficking and abuse have become endemic to many of the visa categories. Overall, more than half of the victims of labor trafficking reported to the Trafficking Hotline during this period whose immigration status was identified were foreign nationals holding legal visas of some kind, including temporary work visas. That is no way to treat a guest — let alone hundreds of thousands of them. A1 - Polaris,  Y1 - 2022/// UR - https://polarisproject.org/labor-trafficking-on-specific-temporary-work-visas-report/ Y2 - 2022-07-22 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - ‘We think of them as cash cows.’ International students want to immigrate, but colleges, employers want to boost their bottom lines PB - Toronto Star and St. Catharines Standard N2 - For some, international education opens doors to jobs and a new life in Canada, for others, it leads to abuse and shattered dreams. A1 - Keung, Nicolas A1 - Teotonio, Isabel A1 - Lafleche, Grant Y1 - 2019/// UR - https://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/news-story/9617661--we-think-of-them-as-cash-cows-international-students-want-to-immigrate-but-colleges-employers-want-to-boost-their-bottom-lines/ Y2 - 2019-10-12 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Non permanents en permanence: Les Travailleurs agricoles agricoles migrants au Canada IS - ISBN : 978-1-988886-50-3 CY - Ottawa (ON) Canada PB - © 2019, Forum des politiques publiques N2 - SOMMAIRE NOTRE VISION Nous sommes en 2030 : le secteur agricole canadien,dynamique et prospère, est un leader compétitif sur le marché mondial. Au pays comme à l’étranger, les gens consomment des aliments canadiens sains, de qualité et à bon prix. Les migrants – plus de 50 000 – qui viennent ici chaque année dans le cadre de programmes de travailleurs agricoles gagnent leur vie décemment et dignement, leurs droits sont enchâssés dans des politiques bien structurées, et le Canada est un chef de file mondial pour le respect de ses obligations internationales en matière de droits de la personne. Les programmes de travailleurs agricoles migrants sont simples et conviviaux, tant pour les employeurs que pour les producteurs et les administrateurs. Le secteur agricole canadien est bien positionné pour au moins 50 ans encore, fort d’une maind’œuvre qualifiée et fiable prête à répondre aux exigences actuelles et futures, notamment celles liées aux changements climatiques : le réchauffement transformera l’agriculture au Canada, ce qui augmentera les besoins en main-d’œuvre. CE QUE NOUS SAVONS ET CE QUE NOUS AVONS ENTENDU Nous sommes en 2019 : les agriculteurs, les employeurs et les producteurs trouvent les programmes de travailleurs agricoles migrants complexes et déroutants, et ils font les frais des cloisonnements administratifs gouvernementaux. Les fonctionnaires indiquent que le traitement des documents que les agriculteurs doivent soumettre sur papier est long et pénible. Les travailleurs migrants et les groupes qui défendent leurs intérêts signalent des cas d’abus rendus possibles par la précarité des conditions de travail et le manque de surveillance. Les universitaires et d’autres parties prenantes s’inquiètent des changements climatiques, des pénuries de main-d’œuvre dans le secteur agricole et de la réputation du Canada sur la scène mondiale en tant que champion des droits de la personne. A1 - Klassen, Matthew A1 - Guy, Sally A1 - Gagnon, Sophie A1 - Bhate, Tahara A1 - Khandelwal, Umang Y1 - 2019/// UR - http://www.actioncanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/PPF-AC-TF3-FR-Print-25copies-MARCH1.pdf Y2 - 2019-09-11 T3 - RAPPORT DE GROUPE DE TRAVAIL D’ACTION CANADA 2018/2019 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Reality Check 101 Rethinking the impact of automation and surveillance on farm workers PB - Data & Society Research Institute N2 - Chris Ramsaroop is a founding member of Justicia for Migrant Workers. This is the third blog post in our Labor Day series, Dispatches from the Field, which takes a workers’ perspective on the way technology is reshaping work. A1 - Ramsaroop, Chris Y1 - 2019/09/06/ UR - https://points.datasociety.net/reality-check-101-c6e501c3b9a3 Y2 - 2019-09-11 JA - Points ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Federal Budget 2018 - Protecting Temporary Foreign Workers CY - Canada N2 - Budget 2018 - page 212 Equality Growth : a strong middle class Part 4: Security and Access to Justice Protecting Temporary Foreign Workers The Temporary Foreign Worker Program and the International Mobility Program are Canada's two programs that govern the entry of temporary foreign workers. Canada has an obligation to ensure these workers, who contribute to the labour market by providing the skills and expertise employers need when qualified Canadian workers are unavailable, are aware of their rights and are protected from abuse. The Government proposes to provide $194.1 million over five years, beginning in 2018–19, and $33.19 million per year ongoing, to ensure the rights of temporary foreign workers in Canada are protected and enforced through a robust compliance regime. Funding will support unannounced inspections under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program, the continued implementation of the International Mobility Program compliance regime, and the ongoing collection of labour market information related to open work permits. In addition, the Government proposes to invest $3.4 million over two years, beginning in 2018–19, from Employment and Social Development Canada's existing resources to establish, on a pilot basis, a network of support organizations for temporary foreign workers dealing with potential abuse by their employers. This network would support these workers in reporting wrongdoing and provide information on their rights to temporarily remain and work in Canada free from harassment and abuse. A1 - Government of Canada,  Y1 - 2018/02/27/ UR - https://www.budget.gc.ca/2018/docs/plan/budget-2018-en.pdf Y2 - 2018-03-12 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign caregivers’ Christmas wishes to Santa, Trudeau and Hussen A1 - Keung, Nicholas Y1 - 2017/12/17/ UR - https://www.thestar.com/news/immigration/2017/12/15/foreign-caregivers-christmas-wishes-to-santa-trudeau-and-hussen.html Y2 - 2017-12-26 JA - Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Are H-1B visa workers really paid less than Americans? A1 - Liu, Evie Y1 - 2017/// UR - http://www.marketwatch.com/story/are-h-1b-visa-workers-really-paid-less-than-americans-2017-04-24 Y2 - 2017-06-15 JA - MarketWatch.com ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Cannabis industry must respect workers' rights, says National President Paul Meinema CY - Toronto PB - Paul Meneima N2 - When it comes to workplace safety and rights for cannabis workers in Canada, the recent report by the Task Force on Cannabis Legalization and Regulation leaves some labour advocates a bit dazed and confused. A1 - UFCW/TUAC Canada,  Y1 - 2017/// KW - Immigrants KW - foreign workers KW - Cannabis culture KW - agriculture workers UR - http://www.ufcw.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31335:cannabis-industry-must-respect-workers-rights-says-national-president-paul-meinema&catid=9806&Itemid=6&lang=en Y2 - 2017-03-06 JA - UFCW Canada ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Three things for Canada to consider as trade talks with China move forward CY - Canada PB - Taylor Owen N2 - With the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) now a fait accompli, Canada is pushing forward on another big trade file — its first bilateral trade agreement with China. While reaching an actual deal could take years, recent world events have made the deepening of relations with China an attractive option for Canada. As with any free trade agreement, there are a myriad of concerns that need to be addressed for the deal to be palatable to both countries. But given previous disagreements on important areas, such as China’s human rights record, it is unlikely that both parties will agree on everything brought to the table in preliminary meetings. A1 - Ferreira, Jennifer Y1 - 2017/// KW - International KW - trades KW - CETA KW - NAFTA UR - https://www.opencanada.org/features/three-things-canada-consider-trade-talks-china-move-forward/ Y2 - 2017-03-06 JA - OpenCanada ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Leamington is at the frontlines of the boom in migrant workers. Here’s how it’s changed N2 - Thousands of low-wage temporary farm workers from Mexico and the Caribbean have transformed Leamington. A1 - Mojtehedzadeh, Sara A1 - Keung, Nicholas A1 - Rankin, Jim Y1 - 2017/// UR - https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/migrants/2017/10/09/leamington-is-at-the-frontlines-of-the-boom-in-migrant-workers-heres-how-its-changed.html Y2 - 2018-02-04 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - He's worked legally in Canada for 37 years but the government considers him ‘temporary’ N2 - Low-wage migrant farmworkers are a crucial and growing part of Canada’s economy. Yet in most cases it’s impossible for them to get permanents status, which experts say leaves them vulnerable to exploitation. A1 - Keung, Nicholas Y1 - 2017/// UR - https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/migrants/2017/10/05/hes-worked-legally-in-canada-for-37-years-but-the-government-considers-him-temporary.html Y2 - 2018-02-04 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Businesses applaud changes to allow temporary foreign workers to stay as long as permits renewed N2 - Ottawa’s decision to scrap a controversial rule that limited how long foreign workers can stay in Canada is being welcomed by businesses, analysts and migrant worker advocates as the first step in a series of reforms they hope will ultimately transform the immigration system. A1 - Dharssi, Alia Y1 - 2017/// KW - Temporary Foreign Workers UR - http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/businesses-applaud-changes-to-allow-temporary-foreign-workers-to-remain-in-canada-as-long-as-they-want Y2 - 2017-01-12 JA - National Post SP - 2 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - The murky world of the agencies that recruit temporary foreign workers CY - Calgary N2 - Chances are the migrant workers building condos in Vancouver, cleaning hotel rooms in Alberta or picking tomatoes in Ontario greenhouses paid fees to come to Canada and work in their low-paying jobs.In some cases, workers are further abused by recruiters who control their money, housing and movements. A1 - Dharssi, Alia Y1 - 2016/// KW - Agencies case of abuse UR - http://calgaryherald.com/news/national/the-murky-world-of-the-agencies-that-recruit-temporary-foreign-workers Y2 - 2016-11-10 JA - Calgary Herald SP - 1 ER - TY - THES T1 - Up-rooted lives, deep-rooted memories: Stress and resilience among Jamaican agricultural workers in Southern Ontario CY - Hamilton, Ontario PB - McMaster University N2 - The Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) is a transnational labour agreement between Canada, Mexico, and various Caribbean countries that brings thousands of Jamaican migrant workers to Canada each year to work on farms. This thesis explores Jamaican SAWP workers’ experiences of stress in Ontario, and situates these experiences within a system of power and international inequality. When describing their experiences of stress and suffering in Ontario, many Jamaican workers drew analogies between historic and modern slavery under the SAWP. However, stress discourses also inspired workers to emphasise their resilience, and many workers gave equal attention to explaining their inherent strength as “Jamaicans”, which they associate with national independence and the history of slavery. In this way, I suggest stress discourses are sites of flexibility and resilience for Jamaican workers, and this thesis presents the foremost cultural, political, and historical factors that support Jamaican workers’ resilience in Ontario. Moreover, the predominant coping strategies workers employ in Ontario will be explored within the context of their restricted agency under the SAWP. This thesis concludes with a discussion of stress as an expression of subjectivity that is characterised by strength, faith, and the history of slavery. A1 - Mayell, Stephanie Y1 - 2016/// VL - Masters T2 - Anthropology SP - 107 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - 2015 Annual Rapport to Parliament on Immigration PB - Government of Canada A1 - Government of Canada,  Y1 - 2016/// KW - immigration KW - refugees KW - government UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/annual-report-2015/index.asp Y2 - 2016-04-05 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Hong Kong - Submission to the Legislative Council Panel on Manpower N2 - Between May and October 2012, Amnesty International interviewed 50 Indonesian migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. In March 2013, further interviews were conducted with 47 returnees in Indonesia who had worked in Hong Kong as domestic workers.1 All of the interviewees were women. The issues raised are not limited to Indonesians, but reflect the problems faced by the wider community of migrant domestic workers irrespective of nationality. Amnesty International’s research demonstrates that placement agencies in Hong Kong employ coercive practices to maintain control over migrant domestic workers (e.g. the confiscation of identity documents, manipulation of debt and restrictions on freedom of movement). In this way, they compel migrant domestic workers to work in conditions where they are exposed to exploitation, forced labour, threats and physical/psychological violence. Hong Kong placement agencies work in close partnership with Indonesian recruitment agencies, but they are separate organizations and come under the jurisdiction of the HKSAR authorities which have a responsibility to monitor and regulate them, and ensure that they are operating in full compliance with the laws in the Hong Kong SAR. The following outlines specific abusive practices, which in combination amount to trafficking and forced labour A1 - Amnesty International, International Secretariat,  Y1 - 2016/// UR - https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/4000/asa170052014en.pdf Y2 - 2016-03-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Troubling Freedom: Migration, debt, and modern slavery N2 - This article is concerned with the role of debt in contemporary practices of mobility. It explores how the phenomenon of debt-financed migration disturbs the trafficking/ smuggling, illegal/legal, and forced/voluntary dyads that are widely used to make sense of migration and troubles the liberal construction of ‘freedom’ and ‘slavery’ as oppositional categories. The research literature reveals that while debt can lock mi- grants into highly asymmetrical, personalistic, and often violent relations of power and dependency sometimes for several years, it is also a means by which many seek to extend and secure their future freedoms. Financing migration through debt can be an active choice without also being a ‘voluntary’ or ‘autonomous’ choice, and migrants’ decisions to take on debts that will imply heavy restrictions on their freedom are taken in the context of migration and other policies that severely constrain their alternatives. Vulnerability to abuse and exploitation is also politically constructed, and even migrant-debtors whose movement is state sanctioned often lack protections both as workers and as debtors. Indeed, large numbers of migrants are excluded from the rights and freedoms that in theory constitute the opposite of slavery. As argued in the conclusion, this illustrates the contemporary relevance of Losurdo’s historical account of the fundamentally illiberal realities of self-conceived liberal societies. There remain ‘exclusion clauses’ in the social contract that supposedly affords universal equality and freedom, clauses that are of enormous consequence for many groups of migrants, and that also deleteriously affect those citizens who are poor and/or other- wise marginalized. A1 - Davidson, Julia Y1 - 2016/// JA - Migration Studies ER - TY - RPRT T1 -  Citizenship and Precarious Labour in Canadian Agriculture N1 - Precarious status identi es individuals or groups to whom the following applies: “the absence of permanent residence authorization; lack of permanent work authorization; depending on a third party for residence or employment rights; restricted or no access to public services and protections available to permanent residents (e.g. health care, education, unionization, workplace rights); and deportability.”61 The concept of pre- carious status goes beyond either/or categorizations of migrant farmworker status (e.g. irregular/ regular, undocumented/documented, etc.) and recognizes the overlap or fuzziness between such categories and the membership norms, rights, regulations, public bene ts and so forth associated with each. On average, South Asian immigrant farmworkers were older, married women who came from India as Family Class immigrants and now held Canadian citizenship (65 per cent) or permanent resi- dence (35 per cent). Most had very little formal education: more than a fth lacked primary school education. Conversely, Mexican migrants were generally young, married men and had completed junior high school or higher. A majority were from the most populous (and poorest) central and southern states of Mexico, and more than half spoke an indigenous language, a strong indicator of indigeneity. While South Asian survey participants included mixed numbers of newcomers and longer-settled immigrants, the majority of Mexican migrants (84 per cent) had just begun their labour trajectories in Canada, and over three-quarters had only worked in British Columbia. A further principal nding was that most farmworkers — 74 per cent of Mexican migrants and 70 per cent of South Asian immigrants—did not receive health and safety training for their jobs at their principal worksite. PB - Canadian Center for Policy Alternative N2 - DISCUSSIONS ABOUT LOCAL FOOD and sustainable agriculture have not generally considered employment conditions for agricultural workers. However, in British Columbia almost all of these workers are immigrants and migrants, subject to coercive employment practices with serious con- sequences for health and safety. Farmworkers’ fear of losing hours or jeopardizing their employ- ment leads them to accept unsafe work or transportation, work long hours, work while ill or injured and, in the case of migrants, acquiesce to poor housing. Meanwhile, regulations and enforcement for this sector are very weak. Certainly our current food system can’t be seen as “sustainable.” This study explores how citizenship status affects agricultural employment, and makes comprehen- sive recommendations for change. Our research included questionnaires with 200 farmworkers; 53 in-depth interviews with stakeholders (farmworkers, growers, industry representatives, advocacy groups and Canadian and Mexican civil servants); and a detailed review of secondary data. A1 - Otero, Gerardo A1 - Preibish, Kerry Y1 - 2015/11/18/ KW - precarious employment KW - training barriers KW - language barriers KW - coercive labour practices UR - https://www.policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/BC%20Office/2015/11/CCPA-BC_CitizenshipPrecariousLabourCdnAgri_web.pdf Y2 - 2015-11-30 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Institutionalized Servitude: The Female Domestic Servant in Lima, Peru CY - Ann Arbor, Michigan PB - Univeristy Microfilms International N2 - The problem of rural-urban migration and the resulting potential for culture change within the society. What is the place of the servant in the Peruvian social structures? How does the servant operate within the context of the family where she is employed? Tow hat extent are provincial-born servants acculturated to the urban scene more rapidly than their fellow-migrants who are not servants and thus are not forced into intimate daily contact with middle and upper class urban ways? To what extent is the occupation of servant an avenue of upward social and/or economic mobility? To what extent do urban servants introduce changes to their families remaining in a rural provincial setting? A1 - Smith, Margo Lane Y1 - 2015/// KW - Servant KW - Urbanization ER - TY - BOOK T1 - About Canada: Immigration CY - Nova Scotia, Canada PB - Frenwood Pulishing N2 - Many Canadians believe that immigrants steal jobs away from qualified Canadians, abuse the healthcare system and refuse to participate in Canadian culture. In About Canada: Immigration, Gogia and Slade challenge these myths with a thorough investigation of the realities of immigrating to Canada. Examining historical immigration policies, the authors note that these policies were always fundamentally racist, favouring whites, unless hard labourers were needed. Although current policies are no longer explicitly racist, they do continue to favour certain kinds of applicants. Many recent immigrants to Canada are highly trained and educated professionals, and yet few of them, contrary to the myth, find work in their area of expertise. Despite the fact that these experts could contribute significantly to Canadian society, deeply ingrained racism, suspicion and fear keep immigrants out of these jobs. On the other hand, Canada also requires construction workers, nannies and agricultural workers — but few immigrants who do this work qualify for citizenship. About Canada: Immigration argues that we need to move beyond the myths and build an immigration policy that meets the needs of Canadian society. A1 - Gogia, Nupur A1 - Slade, Bonnie Y1 - 2015/// KW - immigration ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Travail Domestique et Exploitation : Le Cas des Travailleuses Domestiques Philippines au Canada (PAFR) N1 - Rapport publié en partenariat avec le Service aux Collectivités de l'Université du Québec à Montréal CY - Laboratoire de recherche sur le droit du travail et le développement PB - Université McGill A1 - Gallerand, Elsa A1 - Gallié, Martin A1 - Ollivier Gobeil, Jeanne Y1 - 2015/01/09/ UR - http://www.mcgill.ca/lldrl/files/lldrl/15.01.09_rapport_fr_vu2.5.11_0.pdf UR - http://www.mcgill.ca/lldrl/files/lldrl/15.01.09_rapport_en_vu1.1.13_0.pdf Y2 - 2015-01-29 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bitter Harvest: Exploitation and Forced Labour of Migrant Agricultural Workers in South Korea IS - ASA 25/004/2014 CY - London, UK PB - Amnesty International, International Secretariat N2 - As of 2013, around 250,000 migrant workers were employed in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) under the Employment Permit System (EPS). Since the establishment of the EPS ten years ago, Amnesty International has repeatedly raised concerns on how this work scheme directly contributes to human and labour rights violations by severely restricting migrant workers’ ability to change jobs and challenge abusive practices by employers. Similar concerns have also been raised by a number of UN bodies,2 but the South Korean government has consistently failed to implement their recommendations. As a consequence, a significant number of migrant workers continue to be regularly exposed to serious exploitation, which includes excessive working hours, unpaid overtime, denial of rest days and breaks, threats, violence, trafficking and forced labour Following Amnesty International’s previous research on the EPS in 2006 and 2009,3 this report focuses on migrant agricultural workers, who account for some 8% of all EPS workers.4 Agriculture is one of the sectors with the least legal safeguards and, consequently, migrant workers in this sector are at greater risk of exploitation and abuse. A1 - Amnesty International, International Secretariat,  Y1 - 2014/// KW - Underpayment KW - Late payment KW - Denial of Leave KW - Excessive hours UR - http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA25/004/2014/en/5e1c9341-d0ec-43c3-b858-68ad69bc6d52/asa250042014en.pdf Y2 - 2014-11-10 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Still enslaved: The migrant domestic workers who are trapped by the immigration rules CY - London, UK PB - Kalayaan, Justice for migrant domestic workers A1 - Kalayaan,  Y1 - 2014/// T3 - Kalayaan, Justice for migrant domestic workers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical repatriation of migrant farm workers in Ontario: a descriptive analysis IS - 3 PB - Canadian Medical Association or its licensors N2 - Background Approximately 40 000 migrant farm workers are employed annually in Canada through temporary foreign worker programs. Workers experiencing health conditions that prevent ongoing work are normally repatriated to their home country, which raises concerns about human rights and health equity. In this study, we present data on the reasons for medical repatriation of migrant farm workers in Ontario. Methods In this retrospective descriptive study, we examined medical repatriation data from Foreign Agricultural Resource Management Services, a non-profit corporation managing the contracts of more than 15 000 migrant farm workers in Ontario annually. We extracted repatriation and demographic data for workers from 2001–2011. Physician volunteers used a validated system to code the reported reasons for medical repatriation. We conducted descriptive analyses of the dominant reasons for repatriation and rates of repatriation. Results During 2001–2011, 787 repatriations occurred among 170 315 migrant farm workers arriving in Ontario (4.62 repatriations per 1000 workers). More than two-thirds of repatriated workers were aged 30–49 years. Migrant farm workers were most frequently repatriated for medical or surgical reasons (41.3%) and external injuries including poisoning (25.5%). Interpretation This study provides quantitative health data related to a unique and vulnerable occupational group. Our findings reinforce existing knowledge regarding occupational hazards and health conditions among migrant farm workers. Medical repatriation of migrant farm workers merits further examination as a global health equity concern. Y1 - 2014/// KW - agriculture KW - mobility KW - Labour geography KW - Migrant farm workers KW - Precarity KW - Tobacco KW - Medical repatriation KW - Health equity UR - http://www.cmajopen.ca/content/2/3/E192.short Y2 - 2014-10-01 JA - CMAJ OPEN VL - 2 SP - 7 M2 - 7 SP - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Employers' Paradoxical Views about Temporary Foreign Migrant Workers' Health: A Qualitative Study in Rural Farms in Southern Ontario IS - 65 N2 - Background The province of Ontario hosts nearly a half of Canada’s temporary foreign migrant farm workers (MFWs). Despite the essential role played by MFWs in the economic prosperity of the region, a growing body of research suggests that the workers’ occupational safety and health are substandard, and often neglected by employers. This study thus explores farm owners’ perceptions about MFWs occupational safety and general health, and their attitudes towards health promotion for their employees. Methods Using modified grounded theory approach, we collected data through in-depth individual interviews with farm owners employing MFWs in southern Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed following three steps (open, axial, and selective coding) to identify thematic patterns and relationships. Nine employers or their representatives were interviewed. Results Four major overarching categories were identified: employers’ dependence on MFWs; their fragmented view of occupational safety and health; their blurring of the boundaries between the work and personal lives of the MFWs on their farms; and their reluctance to implement health promotion programs. The interaction of these categories suggests the complex social processes through which employers come to hold these paradoxical attitudes towards workers’ safety and health. There is a fundamental contradiction between what employers considered public versus personal. Despite employers’ preference to separate MFWs’ workplace safety from personal health issues, due to the fact that workers live within their employers' property, workers' private life becomes public making their personal health a business-related concern. Farmers’ conflicting views, combined with a lack of support from governing bodies, hold back timely implementation of health promotion activities in the workplace. A1 - Narushima , Miya A1 - Sanchez, Ana Y1 - 2014/// UR - http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/s12939-014-0065-7.pdf Y2 - 2014-08-28 JA - International Journal for Equity in Health VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Travailleurs immigrants et santé et sécurité du travail - Numéro spécial IS - 2 N2 - Ce numéro Travailleurs immigrants et santé et sécurité du travail (SST) veut apporter un modeste éclairage sur le cumul des précarités liées aux conditions de SST au travail, au statut migratoire, aux liens fragiles d’emploi, à la faiblesse des revenus, à la non-reconnaissance des compétences et à l’incapacité d’exercer ses droits. Les travaux de SST ici regroupés s’intéressent aux travailleurs ayant divers profils : des résidents permanents embauchés par les petites entreprises manufacturières, des travailleurs étrangers temporaires employés dans les secteurs saisonniers et des travailleurs d’agences de location de main-d’œuvre, appelés aussi des travailleurs intérimaires. Les lecteurs sont invités à poser un regard critique sur les inégalités sociales de santé chez les travailleurs immigrants engendrées par les pratiques non adaptées de SST. Sommaire Sylvie Gravel et Stephanie Premji Travailleurs migrants : une histoire sans fin de cumul des précarités de statut, d’emploi et de conditions de santé et de sécurité au travail Recherche Introduction Stephanie Premji Mécanismes d’inégalités en santé et sécurité : modèle conceptuel et agenda de recherche [Texte intégral] Mechanisms of inequalities in health and safety : conceptual model and research agenda [Texte intégral | traduction] Travailleurs immigrés résidents permanents Agnieszka Kosny, Marni Lifshen, Peter Smith, Ron Saunders et Roland Rhooms Prevention Is the Best Medicine : Development of a Work and Health Toolkit for New Immigrants Using Settlement Services in Ontario [Texte intégral] Mieux vaut prévenir que guérir : mise au point d’une trousse en santé et sécurité pour les nouveaux immigrants qui utilisent les services d’établissement en Ontario La prevención es la mejor medicina: Desarrollo de un kit de herramientas de salud y trabajo salud para los nuevos inmigrantes que utilizan los servicios de acogida en Ontario Gabrielle Legendre, Sylvie Gravel et Jacques Rhéaume Les comités de santé et de sécurité dans les petites entreprises multiethniques de Montréal [Texte intégral] Occupational Health and Safety Committees in Small Multiethnic Businesses in Montréal Los comités de seguridad y salud en las pequeñas empresas multiétnicas de Montreal Daniel Coté La réadaptation au travail des personnes issues de l’immigration et des minorités ethnoculturelles : défis, perspectives et pistes de recherche [Texte intégral] Rehabilitation among immigrants and ethnocultural minority workers: challenges, perspectives, and research directions La rehabilitación de los trabajadores inmigrantes y de minorías étnico-cultural : retos, perspectivas y líneas de investigación Jessica Dubé et Sylvie Gravel Les pratiques préventives auprès des travailleurs d’agences de location de personnel temporaire ou permanent : comparaison entre les travailleurs immigrants et non immigrants [Texte intégral] Preventive practices for workers from personnel placement agencies in permanent or temporary positions : comparison between immigrant and non-immigrant workers Prácticas preventivas para los trabajadores de agencias contratación de mano de obra temporal o permanente : comparación entre el inmigrante y no inmigrante Travailleurs étrangers temporaires Janet McLaughlin, Jenna Hennebry et Ted Haines Paper versus Practice : Occupational Health and Safety Protections and Realities for Temporary Foreign Agricultural Workers in Ontario [Texte intégral] L’écart entre la théorie et la pratique : les protections en santé et en sécurité au travail et la réalité de la main-d’œuvre étrangère temporaire du domaine agricole en Ontario El papel frente a la práctica: salud ocupacional y protección de la seguridad y realidades para los trabajadores agrícolas extranjeros temporales en Ontario Sylvie Gravel, Francisco Villanueva, Stéphanie Bernstein, Jill Hanley, Daniel Crespo et Emmanuelle Ostiguy Les mesures de santé et sécurité au travail auprès des travailleurs étrangers temporaires dans les entreprises saisonnières [Texte intégral] Measures of health and safety at work from temporary foreign workers in seasonal businesses Medidas de seguridad y salud en el trabajo entre trabajadores extranjeros temporales en negocios estacionales Travailleurs immigrés à statut précaire Jill Hanley, Sylvie Gravel, Katherine Lippel et Jah-Hon Koo Pathways to Healthcare for Migrant Workers : How Can Health Entitlement Influence Occupational Health Trajectories ? [Texte intégral] Travailleurs migrants et accès aux soins de santé : quelle est l’influence de l’admissibilité aux soins sur la trajectoire de la santé au travail ? Rutas hacia la salud de los trabajadores migrantes : ¿cómo el derecho a los servicios de salud influencia en la salud ocupacional ? A1 - McLaughlin, Janet A1 - Hanley, Jill A1 - Premiji , Stéphanie Y1 - 2014/// UR - http://pistes.revues.org/3631 Y2 - 2014-06-24 JA - Pistes VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migrantes mexicanos en Canadá A1 - aaraón díaz mendiburo | maría del socorro arana hernández | rogelio rodríguez maldonado | annie lapalme | david a. solís coello escriben,  Y1 - 2014/// UR - http://www.suplementoregiones.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Regiones51.pdf Y2 - 2014-05-27 JA - Regiones VL - 51 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Few provinces track complaints by temporary foreign workers N2 - Only three provinces record how often vulnerable employees file complaints A1 - Hildebrandt, Amber Y1 - 2014/05/27/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/few-provinces-track-complaints-by-temporary-foreign-workers-1.2648734 Y2 - 2014-06-24 JA - CBC News ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ‘Domestic transnationalism’: legal advocacy for Mexican migrant workers' rights in Canada IS - 3-4 N2 - Every year thousands of Mexicans travel to Canada to work in Canadian fields and greenhouses under the Mexico-Canada Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program. While the programme is often praised, it has also been the subject of persistent criticism about its failure to meet certain human rights standards. In this article, we examine the legal strategies civil society advocates of migrant workers have adopted to promote migrant workers' rights in Canada. Specifically, we examine legal struggles undertaken by the United Food and Commercial Workers union to challenge Ontario government legislation that does not permit collective bargaining by farmworkers in the province. We argue that this case demonstrates that despite the fact that many of the workers involved are transnationalized, appeals to international bodies or to international human rights standards have been of limited utility in promoting their rights. Despite frequent arguments about the increased relevance of international human rights and citizenship norms and transnational human rights advocacy, in this case the national and sub-national scales remain predominant. The result, we argue, is a form of ‘domestic transnationalism’, in which domestic political actors engage in advocacy within domestic legal institutions to promote the rights of a transnational mobile labour force. A1 - MacDonald, Laura A1 - Gabriel, Christina Y1 - 2014/05/14/ UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13621025.2014.905264#.U6mcWtx7bT4 Y2 - 2014-06-24 JA - Citizenship Studies VL - 18 SP - 243 M2 - 243 SP - 243-258 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ‘I can't even buy a bed because I don't know if I'll have to leave tomorrow’: temporal orientations among Mexican precarious status migrants in Toronto IS - 3-4 N2 - This paper analyzes the links between migrant illegalization and precarious status migrants' temporal orientations. I begin by evaluating research on three research orientations in this area: (1) research that focuses on temporal contingency versus temporal teleology; (2) research about immigration status, illegalization, and time; and (3) research on the link between precarious immigration status and precarious work. I then draw on interviews with 13 Mexican migrants with precarious immigration status to discuss how immigration status affects migrants' ability to make plans, secure decent work, and experience a sense of belonging in the context of reception (Toronto, Canada). I conclude by arguing for a framework of temporal contingency when analyzing precarious status migrants' narratives of temporal orientations. A1 - Villegas, Paloma E. Y1 - 2014/05/14/ UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13621025.2014.905269#.U6mcYtx7bT4 Y2 - 2014-06-24 JA - Citizenship Studies VL - 18 SP - 277 M2 - 277 SP - 277-291 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - The Next Chapter for Ontario Agriculture Workers A1 - UFCW Canada,  Y1 - 2014/// KW - Systemic Problem ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers won’t be temporary if we make them permanent N2 - They are allowed into Canada to do jobs most Canadians would refuse at rates of pay most Canadians would never stand for, and then they have to leave. They are separated from their families for years. They aren’t allowed to settle, marry, bring their children over, expect a raise or change jobs. They have to live in rooms provided by their employers, and they cannot realistically quit without being forced out of the country. A1 - Saunders, Doug Y1 - 2014/05/01/ UR - http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/the-workers-wont-be-temporary-if-we-make-them-permanent/article18200187/ Y2 - 2014-05-01 JA - The Globe and Mail ER - TY - NEWS T1 - The Exploitation Of Migrant Workers In Canada A1 - Kuro5hin,  Y1 - 2014/// KW - safety KW - living conditions KW - work conditions KW - low wages UR - http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2005/1/13/114947/716 Y2 - 2014-04-22 JA - Kuro5hin ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Travailleurs étrangers chez McDo : d'autres ex-employés dénoncent N2 - D'autres employés et anciens employés de McDonald's à travers le Canada dénoncent la réduction de leurs heures de travail et de leur salaire en faveur de travailleurs étrangers temporaires. À la suite de révélations de l'équipe Go Public de CBC, le ministre fédéral de l'Emploi, Jason Kenney, a lancé une enquête sur l'usage du Programme des travailleurs étrangers temporaires (PTET) que fait un McDonald's de Colombie-Britannique, à l'instar de quatre autres restaurants ailleurs au pays. Le ministre a suspendu les permis de travail temporaires délivrés à quatre d'entre eux et a rejeté les demandes du cinquième. Depuis, des employés de la Colombie-Britannique, de l'Alberta, de la Nouvelle-Écosse, du Nouveau-Brunswick et de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador ont fait part de leurs frustrations à Go Public. A1 - Radio-Canada.ca,  Y1 - 2014/04/14/ UR - http://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/colombie-britannique/2014/04/14/001-autres-employes-denoncent-travailleurs-etrangers-mcdonalds.shtml Y2 - 2014-04-16 JA - Radio Canada ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Los migrantes agrícolas “temporales” en Saint-Rémi, Quebec: representaciones sociales desde la óptica de sus habitantes IS - 2 N2 - A través de la teoría de las representaciones sociales propuesta por Sergei Moscovici (1979) y del empleo del trabajo etnográfico, explico en este artículo cuáles son las representaciones que tienen los inmigrantes, principalmente latinoamericanos, y aquellos nacidos en Quebec residentes en Saint-Rémi, tanto en el espacio urbano como en el rural, respecto de los trabajadores agrícolas “temporales”, y cómo dichas representaciones (en su mayoría negativas) impactan en el trato que se les da a los jornaleros mexicanos y guatemaltecos. Using the theory of social representations proposed by Sergei Moscovici (1979) and ethnographic work, this article explains the representations of “temporary” agricultural workers held by immigrants –mainly Latin Americans– and Quebec-born residents in Saint-Rémi both inurban and rural areas. The author also delves into how those representations – mostly negative–impact the treatment of Mexican and Guatemalan day-workers. A1 - Diaz Mendiburo, Aaron Y1 - 2014/// JA - NORTEAMÉRICA VL - 9 SP - 33 M2 - 33 SP - 33-58 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Aides familiales résidentes au Canada : un programme pas toujours avantageux N2 - Majoritairement des femmes, les aides familiales résidantes viennent par milliers chaque année au Québec et au Canada par le biais du Programme des aides familiales résidantes (PAFR). Créé en 1992 par le gouvernement fédéral, le PAFR permet aux ménages canadiens d’embaucher des ressortissants de pays étranger dans le but d’accomplir différentes tâches au sein du foyer. Malgré les réformes pour améliorer leurs conditions de travail, ces travailleuses sont victimes d’abus et se retrouvent fréquemment dans des situations précaires. A1 - Corbeil, Sandrine Y1 - 2014/03/03/ JA - Le journal des alternatives ER - TY - GEN T1 - El Programa de Trabajo Agrícola Temporal en Canadá en su VII Aniversario 2003-2010. Una hipócrita negociación: Exportamos Mano de Obra barata con enormes rendimientos y altos lucros. Su Cruda perversion y magnificada degradación CY - Guatemala City PB - FLASCO A1 - Vargas-Foronda, Jacobo Y1 - 2014/// ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Susan McClelland on nannies from the Philippines: Suffer the caregiver A1 - McClelland, Susan Y1 - 2014/01/23/ UR - http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2014/01/24/susan-mcclelland-on-nannies-from-the-philippines-suffer-the-caregiver/ Y2 - 2014-02-07 JA - The National Post ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Immigrant dreams die with deceased nannies N2 - Advocates urge Ottawa to give dependants of dead applicants a chance for permanent status. A1 - Keung, Nicholas Y1 - 2014/01/22/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/immigration/2014/01/22/immigrant_dreams_die_with_deceased_nannies.html Y2 - 2014-02-07 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Migrant workers greeted by winter weather get help from Centre A1 - CBC News ,  Y1 - 2014/01/09/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/migrant-workers-greeted-by-winter-weather-get-help-from-centre-1.2490805 Y2 - 2014-01-25 JA - CBC News - Windsor ER - TY - NEWS T1 - More Tim Hortons workers accuse 'threatening' Fernie boss A1 - CBC News ,  Y1 - 2013/12/13/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/more-tim-hortons-workers-accuse-threatening-fernie-boss-1.2457085 Y2 - 2013-12-17 JA - CBC News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - B.C. Federation of Labour calls on RCMP to investigate allegations of fraud and theft against Tim Hortons. A1 - Hynd, Tamara Y1 - 2013/12/11/ UR - http://www.thefreepress.ca/news/235444541.html Y2 - 2013-12-17 JA - The Free Press ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Petits fruits - Les cueilleurs continueront d’être payés au rendement N2 - Le PQ renonce à accorder le salaire minimum à ces travailleurs saisonniers. Le gouvernement péquiste maintient la paie au rendement des cueilleurs de fraises et de framboises, gardant au moins un an de plus 10 000 travailleurs saisonniers à l’écart des dispositions de base de la Loi sur les normes... A1 - Bélair-Cirino, Marco Y1 - 2013/12/10/ UR - http://www.ledevoir.com/economie/actualites-economiques/394774/les-cueilleurs-continueront-d-etre-payes-au-rendement Y2 - 2013-12-17 JA - Le Devoir ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Ontario proposes sweeping new law to protect workers CY - thestar.com A1 - Laurie Monsebraaten,  A1 - Keung, Nicholas Y1 - 2013/12/05/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/immigration/2013/12/04/proposed_ontario_labour_law_extends_to_foreign_workers.html Y2 - 2013-12-05 JA - Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Booming Canada recruits British and Irish workers N2 - Visit any construction site in Calgary and you're likely to find some British and Irish workers, says Adrian Bourne, the boss of a company that supplies electricians in the Canadian city. Y1 - 2013/12/04/ UR - http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25054229 Y2 - 2013-12-17 JA - BBC News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Opinion: Creating an underclass of disposable workers A1 - Byl, Yessy A1 - Foster , Jason Y1 - 2013/12/01/ JA - Edmonton Journal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Between hearts and pockets: locating the outcomes of transnational homemaking practices among Mexican women in Canada's temporary migration programmes IS - 6-7 N2 - Temporary migration programmes (TMPs) contain features such as reduced costs and the social legitimation of regularized entry that allow women, including the very poor, to access transnational livelihoods. For mothers, taking up opportunities for employment abroad inevitably involves ‘transnational homemaking’, the set practices involved in caring for family relationships and maintaining household economies across borders. In this article, we examine the transnational homemaking practices undertaken by rural Mexican migrant women employed in highly masculinized TMPs in Canada, tracing how they construct and maintain household economies across borders through a delicate (re)negotiation of reproductive roles and responsibilities with non-migrating kin in Mexico. We find that migration yields material and subjective benefits that enable the expansion of their citizenship across multiple dimensions ranging from the economic to the sexual. At the same time, as racialized, gendered, migrants from the global South, their labour and status in Canada are highly precarious. The advantages derived from transnational migration are thus tenuous, limited, and contradictory. A1 - Kerry Preibish,  A1 - Encalada Grez, Evelyn Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13621025.2013.834131#.UpdNkRZPHDU Y2 - 2013-11-28 JA - Citizenship Studies VL - 17 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Salaires Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers Volet agricole Volet des professions peu spécialisées – Secteur agricole IS - 2013 PB - MICC N2 - Les employeurs doivent offrir, aux travailleurs agricoles étrangers temporaires visés par le Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers, par le Volet agricole et par le Volet des professions peu spécialisées– Secteur agricole un taux de salaire horaire égal ou supérieur aux taux mentionnés dans le tableau suivant. Ces taux minimaux sont déterminés par le MICC. Ces taux sont établis pour s’assurer que les salaires versés aux travailleurs agricoles étrangers temporaires sont comparables aux salaires versés aux travailleurs québécois, pour un travail identique. A1 - Ministère de l'immigration et des communautés culturelles (MICC),  Y1 - 2013/11/13/ UR - http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/employeurs/embaucher-temporaire/recrutement-travailleurs-agricoles/salaires.html Y2 - 2013-11-13 ER - TY - ADVS T1 - Canadá: Piden respetar derechos de emplead@s del hogar CY - Youtube PB - HispanTv N2 - En Canadá, la mayoría de las trabajadoras domésticas es migrante y no tiene las mismas condiciones laborales que cualquier otro trabajador. El grupo de HispanTV les recuerda a los seguidores de nuestra página en Youtube de que en el caso de que no se suban nuevos vídeos, en 48 horas, esto significa que el lobby sionista ha bloqueado el acceso de este canal a su cuenta en YouTube. De ser así, haga Clic en el siguiente enlace para obtener nuestra nueva dirección en YouTube: A1 - HispanTv,  Y1 - 2013/11/09/ UR - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2kuVdKOP64 Y2 - 2013-11-27 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Exploited for profit, failed by governments : Indonesian migrant domestic workers trafficked to Hong Kong N1 - **: The inability to find new employment in the two-week time limit leaves migrant domestic workers with little choice but to remain in abusive and/or exploitative conditions or accept jobs with unfavourable work conditions in order to maintain their immigration status. In 2006, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women,370 raised concerns that the Two-Week Rule pushes “foreign domestic workers to accept employment which may have unfair or abusive terms and conditions in order to stay in Hong Kong” ...In addition to increasing migrant domestic worker’s vulnerability to exploitative and abusive working conditions, the Two-Week Rule also significantly impedes their ability to access redress mechanisms in Hong Kong -p.76 CY - London PB - Amnesty International N2 - The workers are not tied to a single employer. However, if they leave their employer, they only have 2 weeks to find another, or else they fall under irregular status, a policy which acts similar to employer bondage. A1 - Amnesty International, International Secretariat,  Y1 - 2013/// KW - Trafficking UR - https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ASA17/029/2013/en/ Y2 - 2015-11-04 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Migrant workers give the local economy a boost A1 - CTV,  Y1 - 2013/11/01/ UR - http://barrie.ctvnews.ca/migrant-workers-give-the-local-economy-a-boost-1.1524640 Y2 - 2013-11-11 JA - CTV News ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Pinay on the Prairies N1 - Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables List of Abbreviations Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Gender, Migration, and Feminism 2 Pinay Migration 3 Welcoming Prairies 4 Making Meanings: Identities and Integration 5 Building Bridges: Activism and Community Engagement 6 Vested Transnationalism Conclusion Notes References Index PB - University of British Columbia Press N2 - For many Filipinos, one word -- kumusta, how are you -- is all it takes to forge a connection with a stranger anywhere in the world. In Canada’s prairie provinces, this connection has inspired community building, and created both national and transnational identities for the women who identify as Pinay. This book is the first to look beyond traditional metropolitan hubs of settlement to explore the migration of Filipino women in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. Based on interviews with first-generation immigrant Filipino women and temporary foreign workers, this book explores how the shared experience of migration forms the basis for new identities, communities, transnational ties, and multiple levels of belonging in Canada. It also considers the complex cultural, economic, and political factors that motivate Filipino women to leave their country and family in search of better opportunities in a strange land and the welcome that awaits them in Canada, where multiculturalism plays a large role. A groundbreaking look at the experience of Filipino women in Canada, Bonifacio’s work is simultaneously an exploration of feminism, migration, and diaspora in a global era. Glenda Tibe Bonifacio is an associate professor in the Department of Women and Gender Studies at the University of Lethbridge. She is the editor of Feminism and Migration: Cross-Cultural Engagements and co-editor of Gender, Religion, and Migration: Pathways of Integration. A1 - Bonifacio , Glenda Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.ubcpress.ca/search/title_book.asp?BookID=299174180 Y2 - 2013-10-09 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Gender and Rural Migration: Realities, Conflict and Change N1 - 1. Introduction Glenda Tibe Bonifacio Part I: Contesting Rurality and Belonging 2. Stories of Butterflies in Winterland: In-Migrants’ Representations of Northern Coastal Realities in Norway Mai Camilla Munkejord 3. Reproducing Gendered Rural Relations?: Tensions and Reconciliations in Young Women’s Narratives of Leaving and Returning in Newfoundland, Canada Deatra Walsh 4. Mobility, Diversity, Identity: Challenges of Young Women in Rural Areas in Austria Tatjana Fischer and Gerlind Weber 5. Escaping the Neon Glamour?: Potential Return Migration of Rural Migrants in China Li Yu, Wei Xu, Yu Zhu and Liyue Lin Part II: Women’s Empowerment and Social Relations 6. Empowerment of the Fields: Betabeleras and the Western Nebraska Sugar Industry Tisa M. Anders and Rosa Elia Cobos 7. Migrating Women: Guardians of the Secrets of the Amazon Forest Maria da Conceição Araújo Castro 8. Health, Mobility, Livelihood and Social Change in the Lives of Women in Rural Uzbekistan Zulfiya Tursunova Part III: Sexualities and Mobilities 9. A Family That Prays Together Stays Together?: Social Ties of Rural Sexual Minority Youth in Kentucky Christopher J. Stapel 10. Sea-Change: Gender, Sexualities, Mobility and Home Gordon Waitt 11. "The Lonely Planet": Filipino Temporary Foreign Workers, Housing Arrangements and Sexualities in Rural Alberta Glenda Tibe Bonifacio PB - Routledge N2 - Gender and Rural Migration: Realities, Conflict and Change explores the intersection of gender, migration, and rurality in 21st-century Western and non-Western contexts. In a world where heightened globalization is making borders increasingly porous, rural communities form part of the migration nexus. While rural out-migration is well-documented, the gendered dynamics of rural in-migration - including return rural migration and the connectivity of rural-urban/global-local spaces - are often overlooked. In this collection, well-grounded case studies involving diverse groups of people in rural communities in Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Norway, the United States, and Uzbekistan are organized into three themes: contesting rurality and belonging, women’s empowerment and social relations, and sexualities and mobilities. As demonstrated in this anthology, rural areas are contested sites among queer youth, same-sex couples, working women, young mothers, migrant farm workers, temporary foreign workers, in-migrants, and return migrants. The rich expositions of various narratives and statistical data in multidisciplinary perspectives by emerging and established scholars claim gender and rurality as nodal points in contemporary migration discourse. A1 - Bonifacio , Glenda Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415817387/ Y2 - 2013-10-09 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Making it Work: Real Stories of Small Business and Foreign Workers PB - Canadian Federation of Independent Business (CFIB) N2 - Recently, the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) has received negative media attention, leading to changes that make the program slower and more costly, with more changes yet to come. In response, CFIB has published a book of member stories that help to set the record straight on the real purpose of the TFWP and why it is so essential to the small businesses that rely upon it. A1 - Canadian Federation of Independent Business (CFIB),  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.cfib-fcei.ca/english/article/5329-making-it-work-real-stories-of-small-business-and-foreign-workers.html Y2 - 2013-09-24 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Lots of progress needed in area of farm safety A1 - Rance, Laura Y1 - 2013/08/03/ UR - http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/lots-of-progress-needed-in-area-of-farm-safety-218196062.html Y2 - 2013-08-07 JA - The Winnipeg Free Press ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Need not greed? Business tries to reframe debate on Temporary Foreign Worker Program CY - Toronto A1 - Flecker, Karl Y1 - 2013/08/02/ UR - http://rabble.ca/news/2013/08/need-not-greed-business-tries-to-reframe-debate-on-temporary-foreign-worker-program Y2 - 2013-08-07 JA - Rabble.ca ER - TY - NEWS T1 - 'If We Can Be Six In the Apartment, Why Not?' N2 - Attracted by the Yukon's nominee program, migrant workers increasingly bunk up to make ends meet. A1 - Alarcon, Krystle Y1 - 2013/07/19/ UR - http://thetyee.ca/News/2013/07/19/Whitehorse-Migrant-Workers/ Y2 - 2013-07-23 JA - The Tyee ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Investigations find employers skimming from TFW paycheques PB - Alberta Federation of Labour N2 - Investigations find employers skimming from TFW paycheques. A1 - Alberta Federation of Labour,  Y1 - 2013/07/16/ UR - http://www.afl.org/index.php/Press-Release/temporary-foreign-workers-shortchanged.html Y2 - 2013-07-17 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Employer blacklist empty despite labour complaints from foreign workers PB - Global News A1 - Lindell, Rebecca Y1 - 2013/07/16/ UR - http://globalnews.ca/news/721611/employer-blacklist-empty-despite-labour-complaints-from-foreign-workers/ Y2 - 2013-07-23 JA - Global News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Filipinos find a home in Winnipeg as family ties drive immigration in Manitoba A1 - Petz, Sarah Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/06/09/filipinos-find-a-home-in-winnipeg-as-family-ties-drive-immigration-in-manitoba/ Y2 - 2013-07-15 JA - The National Post ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Télévision à la une - Vers une sous-classe de travailleurs étrangers N2 - Zone doc La fin de l’immigration ? Radio-Canada, vendredi 28 juin à 21h A1 - Montpetit, Caoline Y1 - 2013/06/22/ UR - http://www.ledevoir.com/culture/television/381409/television-a-la-une-vers-une-sous-classe-de-travailleurs-etrangers Y2 - 2013-07-11 JA - Le Devoir ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Report Card. Migrant Workers in Alberta PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - This project consists of a series of report cards summarizing and evaluating the measures taken by the provincial and federal governments to protect the rights of migrant workers, and to offer them information, support and access to status. This tool can be used for awareness-raising or for advocacy. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers Y2 - 2013-06-18 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Report Card. Migrant Workers in Saskatchewan PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - This project consists of a series of report cards summarizing and evaluating the measures taken by the provincial and federal governments to protect the rights of migrant workers, and to offer them information, support and access to status. This tool can be used for awareness-raising or for advocacy. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers Y2 - 2013-06-18 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - ADVS T1 - First Employment of Live-in Caregivers: does it get better from here? A1 - Hanley, Jill A1 - Jah-Hon Koo,  Y1 - 2013/// ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Report Card. Migrant Workers in Manitoba PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - This project consists of a series of report cards summarizing and evaluating the measures taken by the provincial and federal governments to protect the rights of migrant workers, and to offer them information, support and access to status. This tool can be used for awareness-raising or for advocacy. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers Y2 - 2013-06-18 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Report Card. Migrant Workers in Ontario PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - This project consists of a series of report cards summarizing and evaluating the measures taken by the provincial and federal governments to protect the rights of migrant workers, and to offer them information, support and access to status. This tool can be used for awareness-raising or for advocacy. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers Y2 - 2013-06-18 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Report Card. Migrant Workers in Quebec PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - This project consists of a series of report cards summarizing and evaluating the measures taken by the provincial and federal governments to protect the rights of migrant workers, and to offer them information, support and access to status. This tool can be used for awareness-raising or for advocacy. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers-report-cards Y2 - 2013-06-18 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Report Card. Migrant Workers in New Brunswick PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - This project consists of a series of report cards summarizing and evaluating the measures taken by the provincial and federal governments to protect the rights of migrant workers, and to offer them information, support and access to status. This tool can be used for awareness-raising or for advocacy. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers Y2 - 2013-06-18 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Report Card. Migrant Workers in Nova Scotia PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - This project consists of a series of report cards summarizing and evaluating the measures taken by the provincial and federal governments to protect the rights of migrant workers, and to offer them information, support and access to status. This tool can be used for awareness-raising or for advocacy. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers Y2 - 2013-06-18 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Report Card. Migrant Workers and the Federal Government PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - In 2008 for the first time, the number of temporary foreign workers in Canada exceeded the total number of permanent residents admitted in the same year. This is a dramatic change in policy, and there has been little public debate. Migrant workers are especially vulnerable to exploitation and abuse because of their lack of status, their isolation and their lack of access to information on their rights, and because the Canadian and most provincial governments don't ensure monitoring of their workplaces This project consists of a series of report cards summarizing and evaluating the measures taken by the provincial and federal governments to protect the rights of migrant workers, and to offer them information, support and access to status. This tool can be used for awareness-raising or for advocacy. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers Y2 - 2013-06-18 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Report Card. Migrant Workers in Newfoundland and Labrador PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - This project consists of a series of report cards summarizing and evaluating the measures taken by the provincial and federal governments to protect the rights of migrant workers, and to offer them information, support and access to status. This tool can be used for awareness-raising or for advocacy. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers Y2 - 2013-06-18 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bulletin Travailleurs et travailleuses migrants en Colombie-Britannique PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Ce projet consiste en un série de bulletins de notes qui résument et évalue les démarches prises par les gouvernements provinciales et fédéral afin de protéger les droits de travailleurs et travailleuses migrants, et pour les fournir de l'information, des services de soutien, et de l'accès au statut légal. Cet outil est conçu pour des fins de sensibilisation et de défense des droits. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bulletin Travailleurs et travailleuses migrants en Alberta PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Ce projet consiste en un série de bulletins de notes qui résument et évalue les démarches prises par les gouvernements provinciales et fédéral afin de protéger les droits de travailleurs et travailleuses migrants, et pour les fournir de l'information, des services de soutien, et de l'accès au statut légal. Cet outil est conçu pour des fins de sensibilisation et de défense des droits. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/fr/travailleurs-migrants Y2 - 2013-06-17 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bulletin Travailleurs et travailleuses migrants en Saskatchewan PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Ce projet consiste en un série de bulletins de notes qui résument et évalue les démarches prises par les gouvernements provinciales et fédéral afin de protéger les droits de travailleurs et travailleuses migrants, et pour les fournir de l'information, des services de soutien, et de l'accès au statut légal. Cet outil est conçu pour des fins de sensibilisation et de défense des droits. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bulletin Travailleurs et travailleuses migrants et le gouvernement fédéral PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Ce projet consiste en un série de bulletins de notes qui résument et évalue les démarches prises par les gouvernements provinciales et fédéral afin de protéger les droits de travailleurs et travailleuses migrants, et pour les fournir de l'information, des services de soutien, et de l'accès au statut légal. Cet outil est conçu pour des fins de sensibilisation et de défense des droits. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers Y2 - 2013-06-17 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bulletin Travailleurs et travailleuses migrants au Manitoba PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Ce projet consiste en un série de bulletins de notes qui résument et évalue les démarches prises par les gouvernements provinciales et fédéral afin de protéger les droits de travailleurs et travailleuses migrants, et pour les fournir de l'information, des services de soutien, et de l'accès au statut légal. Cet outil est conçu pour des fins de sensibilisation et de défense des droits. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/fr/travailleurs-migrants Y2 - 2013-06-17 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bulletin Travailleurs et travailleuses migrants en Ontario PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Ce projet consiste en un série de bulletins de notes qui résument et évalue les démarches prises par les gouvernements provinciales et fédéral afin de protéger les droits de travailleurs et travailleuses migrants, et pour les fournir de l'information, des services de soutien, et de l'accès au statut légal. Cet outil est conçu pour des fins de sensibilisation et de défense des droits. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/fr/travailleurs-migrants Y2 - 2013-06-17 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bulletin Travailleurs et travailleuses migrants en Nouvelle-Écosse PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Ce projet consiste en un série de bulletins de notes qui résument et évalue les démarches prises par les gouvernements provinciales et fédéral afin de protéger les droits de travailleurs et travailleuses migrants, et pour les fournir de l'information, des services de soutien, et de l'accès au statut légal. Cet outil est conçu pour des fins de sensibilisation et de défense des droits. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/fr/travailleurs-migrants Y2 - 2013-06-17 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bulletin Travailleurs et travailleuses migrants à l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Ce projet consiste en un série de bulletins de notes qui résument et évalue les démarches prises par les gouvernements provinciales et fédéral afin de protéger les droits de travailleurs et travailleuses migrants, et pour les fournir de l'information, des services de soutien, et de l'accès au statut légal. Cet outil est conçu pour des fins de sensibilisation et de défense des droits. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/fr/travailleurs-migrants Y2 - 2013-06-17 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bulletin Travailleurs et travailleuses migrants à Terre-Neuve et Labrador PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Ce projet consiste en un série de bulletins de notes qui résument et évalue les démarches prises par les gouvernements provinciales et fédéral afin de protéger les droits de travailleurs et travailleuses migrants, et pour les fournir de l'information, des services de soutien, et de l'accès au statut légal. Cet outil est conçu pour des fins de sensibilisation et de défense des droits Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/fr/travailleurs-migrants Y2 - 2013-06-17 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bulletin Travailleurs et travailleuses migrants au Nouveau-Brunswick PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Ce projet consiste en un série de bulletins de notes qui résument et évalue les démarches prises par les gouvernements provinciales et fédéral afin de protéger les droits de travailleurs et travailleuses migrants, et pour les fournir de l'information, des services de soutien, et de l'accès au statut légal. Cet outil est conçu pour des fins de sensibilisation et de défense des droits. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/fr/travailleurs-migrants Y2 - 2013-06-17 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Report Card. Migrant Workers in British Columbia PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - This project consists of a series of report cards summarizing and evaluating the measures taken by the provincial and federal governments to protect the rights of migrant workers, and to offer them information, support and access to status. This tool can be used for awareness-raising or for advocacy. A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers Y2 - 2013-06-17 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bulletin Travailleurs et travailleuses migrants au Québec PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Le 16 mai 2013 - Le Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés (CCR) a publié aujourd'hui une série de bulletins (http://ccrweb.ca/fr/travailleurs-migrants-bulletins) résumant les approches des gouvernements provinciaux et fédéral à l’égard de la protection des droits des travailleurs migrants dans les volets "peu qualifiés" du Programme des travailleurs étrangers temporaires. « Nous espérons que ces bulletins serviront à identifier ce qui pourrait être amélioré et à sensibiliser la population et les gens préoccupés par les travailleurs migrants », a déclaré Loly Rico, présidente du CCR. Les travailleurs migrants sont particulièrement vulnérables à l'exploitation et aux mauvais traitements en raison de leur statut précaire, du permis de travail lié à un seul employeur et des facteurs tels que l'isolement, le manque d'accès aux services de soutien et le manque d'accès à l'information sur leurs droits. Ces bulletins examinent les progrès, province par province, dans l'introduction de mesures de protection et de soutien pour les travailleurs migrants. Le gouvernement fédéral vient d’annoncer certaines modifications visant à donner la priorité aux Canadiens dans les offres d'emploi. Cependant, aucun de ces changements n’est conçu pour protéger les travailleurs migrants contre les mauvais traitements. Le CCR se félicite des mesures adoptées par certaines provinces pour remédier à la vulnérabilité des travailleurs migrants, et exhorte les autres provinces et le gouvernement fédéral à faire de plus grands efforts pour combler les lacunes en matière de protection. Néanmoins, le CCR estime que les programmes de travailleurs migrants temporaires ne sont pas la bonne réponse. Les gouvernements doivent revenir à des politiques d'immigration permanente. La migration de main-d'œuvre temporaire mais à long terme est néfaste tant pour les travailleurs migrants que pour la société canadienne. Le Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés recommande la protection des droits des travailleurs migrants, l'accès à la résidence permanente et l'accès aux services, notamment les services d'accueil des nouveaux arrivants. Pour lire les bulletins : ccrweb.ca/fr/travailleurs-migrants-bulletins Plus plus d’amples informations à propos des travailleurs migrants au Canada et les preoccupations du CCR : ccrweb.ca/fr/travailleurs-migrants Contacts : Janet Dench, directrice, Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés, jdench@ccrweb.ca, (514) 277-7223, poste 2 Colleen French, coordinatrice de la communication, Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés, cfrench@ccrweb.ca, (514) 277-7223, poste 1, (514) 476-3971 (cellulaire) A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2013/06/13/ UR - http://ccrweb.ca/files/bulletin_qc.pdf Y2 - 2013-06-13 T3 - Bulletins du CCR ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immigrants Contributed An Estimated $115.2 Billion More To The Medicare Trust Fund Than They Took Out In 2002–09 IS - 6 N2 - Many immigrants in the United States are working-age taxpayers; few are elderly beneficiaries of Medicare. This demographic profile suggests that immigrants may be disproportionately subsidizing the Medicare Trust Fund, which supports payments to hospitals and institutions under Medicare Part A. For immigrants and others, we tabulated Trust Fund contributions and withdrawals (that is, Trust Fund expenditures on their behalf) using multiple years of data from the Current Population Survey and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. In 2009 immigrants made 14.7 percent of Trust Fund contributions but accounted for only 7.9 percent of its expenditures—a net surplus of $13.8 billion. In contrast, US-born people generated a $30.9 billion deficit. Immigrants generated surpluses of $11.1–$17.2 billion per year between 2002 and 2009, resulting in a cumulative surplus of $115.2 billion. Most of the surplus from immigrants was contributed by noncitizens and was a result of the high proportion of working-age taxpayers in this group. Policies that restrict immigration may deplete Medicare’s financial resources. A1 - Leah Zallman,  A1 - Steffie Woolhandler,  A1 - David Himmelstein,  A1 - David Bor,  A1 - Danny McCormick,  Y1 - 2013/06/01/ UR - http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/32/6/1153 Y2 - 2013-09-19 JA - Health Affairs VL - 32 SP - 1153 M2 - 1153 SP - 1153-1160 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Travailleurs étrangers : 11 M$ en billets d’avion! N2 - Il en coûte de plus en plus cher aux producteurs agricoles pour recourir à la main-d’œuvre étrangère temporaire. 22 mai 2013 A1 - Laprade, Yvon Y1 - 2013/05/22/ UR - http://www.laterre.ca/cultures/travailleurs-etrangers-11-m-en-billets-davion/ Y2 - 2013-05-30 JA - La Terre de chez nous ER - TY - NEWS T1 - De Santa Cruz (Guatemala) à Saint-Jacques de Montcalm N2 - Mercredi dernier, 7 h 40, aéroport Montréal-Trudeau. Aux arrivées, des producteurs agricoles de la Montérégie et de la région de Lanaudière attendent fébrilement leurs travailleurs venus du Guatemala. A1 - Laprade, Yvon Y1 - 2013/05/15/ UR - http://www.laterre.ca/cultures/de-santa-cruz-au-guatemala-saint-jacques-de-montca/ Y2 - 2013-06-13 JA - La Terre de chez nous ER - TY - NEWS T1 - «Si le patron est heureux, nous aussi, on est heureux» N2 - Ils s’appellent Jose, Mauro et Elmer. Ils viennent au Québec tous les printemps et ils retournent dans leur pays, le Guatemala, quand se pointe l’automne. A1 - Laprade, Yvon Y1 - 2013/05/15/ UR - http://www.laterre.ca/cultures/si-le-patron-est-heureux-nous-aussi-est-heureux/ Y2 - 2013-06-17 JA - La Terre de chez nous ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Immigrant underclass in GTA fuels simmering frustrations N2 - Toronto offers peaceful coexistence for longtime residents and new immigrants. But some worry a racialized underclass in GTA will replace harmonious integration. A1 - Black , Debra Y1 - 2013/05/08/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/immigration/2013/05/08/immigrant_underclass_in_gta_fuels_simmering_frustrations.html Y2 - 2013-05-10 JA - The Star ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Temporary Foreign Workers In Alberta: Report Shows Flood Of TFW As Jobs Disappear, Wages Fall PB - Huffington Post N2 - What was intended to be a tool aimed at preventing economic retreat and loss of revenue due to labour shortages, has become a go-to solution for companies to artificially keep labour costs down, according to a new report. A1 - The Huffington Post Alberta,  Y1 - 2013/05/06/ UR - http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/05/05/temporary-foreign-workers-alberta-report_n_3220017.html Y2 - 2013-05-08 JA - Huffington Post - Alberta ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers face a changing landscape N2 - Will new rules protect both Canadians and temporary labour? A1 - Solyom, Catherine Y1 - 2013/05/02/ JA - The Gazette ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Are There Really Jobs Americans Won’t Do? CY - Washington DC PB - Center for Immigration Studies N2 - This analysis tests the often-made argument that immigrants do only jobs Americans don’t want. If the argument is correct, there should be occupations comprised entirely or almost entirely of immigrants (legal and illegal). But Census Bureau data collected from 2009 to 2011, which allows for detailed analysis of all 472 separate occupations, shows that there were only a handful of majority-immigrant occupations. Thus, there really are no jobs that Americans won’t do. Further, we estimated the share of occupations that are comprised of illegal immigrants, and found that there are no occupations in which the majority of workers are illegally in the country. A1 - Camarota, Steven A1 - Zeigler, Karen Y1 - 2013/05/01/ UR - http://cis.org/sites/cis.org/files/occupations-5-1.pdf Y2 - 2013-05-09 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - All the Workers We Need: Debunking Canada's Labour-Shortage Fallacy IS - 16 CY - Calgary PB - University of Calgary N2 - The goal of the present paper is to explore the nature of current and future labour shortages and discuss changes in a range of economic and social policies that might benefit employers and job seekers across the country. A1 - McQuillan, Kevin Y1 - 2013/05/01/ UR - http://www.policyschool.ucalgary.ca/sites/default/files/research/mcquillan-labour-shortages-final.pdf Y2 - 2013-05-09 JA - University of Calgary SPP Research Papers VL - 6 SP - 30 M2 - 30 SP - 30 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - 13 Migrant Workers Killed and 8 Injured in an Apartment Building Fire Due to the Lack of Proper Housing Conditions CY - Bahrain PB - Bahrain Center for Human Rights Y1 - 2013/// KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Labor Camp KW - Bahrain KW - Fire UR - http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/5604 Y2 - 2013-04-29 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - ISRAEL: New report highlights exploitation of migrant workers PB - IRIN Humanitarian news and analysis Y1 - 2013/// KW - Exploitation KW - Asian migrant workers KW - Israel UR - http://www.irinnews.org/Report/86808/ISRAEL-New-report-highlights-exploitation-of-migrant-workers Y2 - 2013-04-28 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers allegedly paid $3 an hour in Halifax granted reprieve from deportation A1 - Trafford, Erin Y1 - 2013/04/24/ UR - http://globalnews.ca/news/507946/29-foreign-workers-granted-reprieve-from-deportation/ Y2 - 2013-04-29 JA - Global News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - UAE migrant workers sing out in new film PB - Aljazeera A1 - Safdar, Anealla Y1 - 2013/04/20/ KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Labor Camp KW - film KW - UAE UR - http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/04/20134187154412406.html Y2 - 2013-05-01 JA - Aljazeera ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Choosing to become unauthorized Mexican & Central American migrant farm workers CY - CERIS - The Ontario Metropolis Centre PB - CERIS - The Ontario Metropolis Centre N2 - About the researchers Project title: Choosing to Become Unauthorized: A Case Study of Mexican Migrant Farm Workers in Leamington Tanya Basok is a professor at University of Windor’s Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology, and director of the Centre for Studies in Social Justice. Her research focuses principally on migration and migrant rights. She is particularly interested in how the notions of citizenship rights and human rights have been articulated and negotiated by grassroots and international organizations to advance the rights of migrants. She specializes in migration within and from Latin America. Danièle Bélanger is a professor of geography at Laval University in Quebec City. She is a former Canada Research Chair at Western University and the former director of Western’s Migration and Ethnic Relations Collaborative Graduate Program. Her research examines various international migration issues. She focuses on gender and migration, marriage migration, and temporary labour migration within Asia (Southeast Asia to East Asia) and North America (Mexico and Central America to Canada). She is particularly interested in documenting the migration experience to promote migrants’ rights. Eloy Rivas holds a BA in Sociology from the University of Sonora (Mexico), and an MA in Sociology from the University of Windsor. He is currently a doctoral candidate in sociology and political economy at Carleton University. His current research focuses on health-related problems faced by undocumented migrant workers in the underground agricultural labor market of southern Ontario, as well as workers’ collective responses to these problems. Basok, Bélanger , and Rivas authored a Final Report on the findings of this study: A1 - Basok , Tanya A1 - Bélanger , Danièle A1 - Rivas , Eloy Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.ceris.metropolis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/BASOK-Choosing-to-become-unauthorized-FINAL.pdf UR - http://www.ceris.metropolis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Final-Report-Basok.pdf Y2 - 2013-04-17 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Press Conference on Trafficking and Migration during the First Quarter of 2013 CY - Phnom Penh, Cambodia PB - ADHOC Cambodian Human Rights and Development Association Y1 - 2013/04/11/ KW - Cambodian migrant workers KW - press conference UR - http://www.adhoc-cambodia.org/?p=3320 Y2 - 2013-04-19 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Vulnerable Workers and Precarious Work IS - ISBN: 978-1-926661-56-8 PB - Ontario Law Commission N2 - FOREWORD The Law Commission of Ontario is pleased to release this Final Report on Vulnerable Workers and Precarious Work. This project had its genesis in several proposals for Law Commission projects, including those made at the Creative Symposium in November 2006 (which led to the creation of the Law Commission) as well as suggestions from the Labour and Feminist Legal Analysis Section of the Ontario Bar Association and, particularly from issues raised at the Racialization of Poverty Conference held in April 2008. The LCO’s Board of Governors approved the Project in June 2008. The Final Report is intended to focus on the challenges of insecure, low wage employment facing an increasing number of Ontarians resulting from economic, technological and global influences. We have highlighted major reports and research on the issues and presented 47 Recommendations for change, with a particular emphasis on the Employment Standards Act and the Occupational Health and Safety Act, along with related legislation, regulations, policies, processes, training and education. While the Report pays particular attention to the disproportionate numbers of women, racialized persons and immigrants undertaking precarious work, the Recommendations, if implemented, would benefit all workers in precarious jobs. This Report has been distributed to relevant government ministries and to organizations and individuals with an interest in the issues. The LCO is pleased to contribute this Report to the ongoing body of work on the most effective ways to respond to the needs of vulnerable workers. The Board of Governors approved this Final Report in December 2012. The Board’s approval reflects its members’ collective responsibility to manage and conduct the affairs of the Law Commission, and should not be considered an endorsement by individual members or by the organizations to which they belong or which they represent. A1 - Law Commission of Ontario,  Y1 - 2013/04/03/ UR - http://www.lco-cdo.org/fr Y2 - 2013-04-03 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Ontario Law Commission recommends sweeping changes to protect vulnerable workers N2 - A startling rise in “precarious work” — low-wage temp jobs with no benefits — needs to be addressed, says a report offering 47 recommendations. Y1 - 2013/04/03/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2013/04/03/ontario_law_commission_recommends_sweeping_changes_to_protect_vulnerable_workers.html Y2 - 2013-04-03 JA - The Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Canada Line workers finally get their due PB - Journal of commerce N2 - Costa Rican temporary foreign workers (TFW) involved in Canada Line construction have received cheques for back pay, expenses and injury to dignity from their employer, nearly five years after winning a multi-million dollar award from the B.C. Human Rights Tribunal. Y1 - 2013/04/03/ JA - Journal of commerce ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Migrant Abuse: March Roundup PB - migrantrights Y1 - 2013/04/02/ UR - http://www.migrant-rights.org/2013/04/02/migrant-abuse-march-roundup/ Y2 - 2013-04-05 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Growing Number of Migrant Workers Stirs Debate in Singapore PB - aseannews A1 - Huang, Elaine Y1 - 2013/03/17/ KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Singaporian UR - http://www.aseannews.net/growing-number-of-migrant-workers-stirs-debate-in-singapore/ Y2 - 2013-04-30 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Gender Analysis of Migration from Bangladesh N2 - This paper is about the trend of women migration in Bangladesh, wages of women migrants, benefits accruied through migration from Bangladesh, cause of women migration from Bangladesh, Demand of women workers from Bangladesh, vulnerability of women in migration, problems of women migration in Bangladesh, policy measures in women migration in Bangladesh, remittances from women migrants, awareness campaign of women migrant workers, creation of human power facilities, skill training for women in foreign employment: need present perception, issues in gender-sensitiveness of migration and recommendation. A1 - Islam, Md. Nurul Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.bmet.org.bd/BMET/resources/Static%20PDF%20and%20DOC/publication/Gender%20Analysis%20of%20Migration.pdf Y2 - 2013-02-19 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Qatar: Promises, Little Action on Migrant Workers’ Rights PB - Human Rights Watch Y1 - 2013/02/07/ KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Improvement KW - condition UR - http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/02/07/qatar-promises-little-action-migrant-workers-rights Y2 - 2013-04-29 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Russia: Migrant Olympic Workers Cheated, Exploited PB - Human Rights Watch Y1 - 2013/02/06/ KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Exploitation KW - Russia KW - 2014 Winter Olympic Game UR - http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/02/06/russia-migrant-olympic-workers-cheated-exploited Y2 - 2013-04-28 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Global Forum & Bangladesh: The Situation and Obligations of Bangladesh Migrants N2 - With an area of 147,570 square km, Bangladesh is overpopulated with 140 million people. Less than half of its population is said to live below poverty level. A high rate of unemployment and the demand for foreign exchange has led to government policies to promote migration of workers to labor deficit countries. But we think with importance that Migrant worker issues are most important for our social, economical, education & development. A1 - Ahmed, Sheikh Nasir Y1 - 2013/01/30/ KW - migration KW - Bangladesh KW - poverty KW - Government Policies KW - Social Development KW - Economic Development KW - Education. UR - http://www.globaleducationmagazine.com/global-forum-bangladesh-situation-obligations-bangladesh-migrants/ Y2 - 2013-03-18 JA - Global Education ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid CY - UK PB - The Guardian Y1 - 2013/01/13/ KW - Saudi Arabia KW - Maids KW - Death Sentence UR - http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers Y2 - 2013-04-28 JA - The Guardian ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Bahrain Labor Camp Fire Kills 13 Migrant Workers PB - Migrantrights Y1 - 2013/01/12/ KW - Fire Labor Camp UR - http://www.migrant-rights.org/2013/01/12/bahrain-labor-camp-fire-kills-13-migrant-workers/ Y2 - 2013-03-28 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Silence on the Floor N2 - BEHIND THE WALLS Meatpacking facilities are not accessible to members of the public, but it does not take much imagination to figure out how the ubiquitous use of sharp knives, handling animals and high line speeds converge to create an environment conducive for accidents and increased repetitive movements. A look at injury statistics can put that in perspective. In 2010, Alberta’s meat, hides and pelt products sub-sector had a disabling injury claim rate of 12.42 per 100 person-years worked — the highest of any manufacturing, processing and packaging sub-sectors, notes information from Occupational Injuries and Diseases in Alberta. Hands and fingers are the most commonly injured body parts (27 per cent), followed by the back (13 per cent) and shoulders (11 per cent), notes information from Workplace Health and Safety Queensland in Australia. A1 - Jean, Lian Y1 - 2013/01/10/ UR - http://www.ohscanada.com/news/silence-on-the-floor/1001981474/ Y2 - 2013-01-24 JA - OHS ER - TY - NEWS T1 - 1.8 million migrant workers contribute 8% to Sri Lanka’s economy Despite exploitation and abuse CY - Sri Lanka PB - Sunday Island A1 - Morrell, Steve A Y1 - 2013/01/05/ KW - remittance KW - Exploitation UR - http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=69732 Y2 - 2013-04-28 JA - Sunday Island ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Italy: Time to address exploitation of migrant workers PB - Amnesty International Y1 - 2012/12/18/ KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Exploitation KW - Italy UR - http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/italy-time-address-exploitation-migrant-workers-2012-12-17 Y2 - 2013-03-24 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - ILO issues service directory for migrant workers CY - BEIRUT, Lebanon PB - The Daily Star Y1 - 2012/11/28/ KW - Domestic Workers KW - Claim Rights UR - http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2012/Nov-28/196361-ilo-issues-service-directory-for-migrant-workers.ashx#axzz2RvvRtXeC Y2 - 2013-04-30 JA - The Daily Star SP - 4 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Les McDo d'Amos et de Val-d'Or recrutent au Maroc Y1 - 2012/11/19/ UR - http://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/abitibi/2012/11/18/001-mcdo-amos-maroc.shtml Y2 - 2014-03-05 JA - Radio Canada ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Temporary workers in Canada 'without rights' A1 - Taylor, Louisa Y1 - 2012/11/06/ UR - http://www.ottawacitizen.com/life/Temporary+workers+Canada+without+rights/7501410/story.html Y2 - 2014-03-05 JA - Ottawa Citizen SP - 1 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Migrant workers unsafe in Bahrain‚ says rights body CY - KATHMANDU PB - The Himalayan Times Y1 - 2012/10/21/ KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Bahrain KW - Nepal UR - http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Migrant+workers+unsafe+in+Bahrain%E2%80%9A+says+rights+body+&NewsID=351820 Y2 - 2013-04-26 JA - The Himalayan Times ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bahrain: Abuse of Migrant Workers Despite Reforms PB - Human Rights Watch Y1 - 2012/10/01/ KW - Bahrain KW - South Asian Migrant workers KW - Exploitation condition T3 - Urgent Need to Enforce Labor Laws, Provide Redress ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Advisory body urges province to leave farm workers exempt from health and safety laws A1 - McClure, Matt Y1 - 2012/09/17/ UR - http://www.calgaryherald.com/life/Advisory+body+urges+province+leave+farm+workers+exempt+from+health+safety+laws/7251072/story.html Y2 - 2012-09-18 JA - Calgary Herald ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Malaysian Activist Speaks Out for Migrant Workers CY - KUALA LUMPUR PB - The New York Times A1 - GOOCH, LIZ Y1 - 2012/08/30/ KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - abusive case KW - harassment of activists UR - http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/07/world/asia/malaysian-activist-irene-fernandez-speaks-out-for-migrant-workers.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Y2 - 2013-04-30 JA - The New York Times SP - 6 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Un travailleur agricole foudroyé à Saint-Rémi A1 - Santerre, David Y1 - 2012/07/18/ KW - accident KW - migrant worker JA - La Presse ER - TY - CASE T1 - Leys v Likhanga, 2012 CanLII 29267 (ON LRB) A2 - 2012 CanLII 29267 (ON LRB) PB - ONTARIO LABOUR RELATIONS BOARD A1 - ONTARIO LABOUR RELATIONS BOARD,  Y1 - 2012/05/29/ UR - http://unik.caij.qc.ca/default.aspx?&unikid=en/on/onlrb/doc/2012/2012canlii29267/2012canlii29267 Y2 - 2014-05-29 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Foreign nationals working temporarily in Canada N1 - Statistiques. Graphiques. Données sur nombre de travailleurs temporaires. IS - Component of Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-008-X CY - Ottawa PB - Statistics Canada A1 - Statistics Canada,  Y1 - 2012/// T3 - Canadian Social Trends ER - TY - NEWS T1 - For Nepalese Salon Workers, a Cultural Hurdle to Overcome CY - New York PB - The New York Times A1 - HIRSHON, NICHOLAS Y1 - 2012/05/13/ KW - Nepalese migrant workers KW - United States UR - http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/14/nyregion/nepalese-pedicurists-must-overcome-aversion-to-strangers-feet.html?ref=migrantlabor&_r=0 Y2 - 2013-04-25 JA - The New York Times SP - 17 ER - TY - ADVS T1 - The Bigger Picture - Disposable labour PB - GlobalNews N2 - Thousands of foreign workers come here each year for low paid, low skill jobs that most Canadians don’t want – and they’re happy to get them. But as 16x9 discovered – many of those workers say they’ve been ripped off and exploited. Read it on Global News: Disposable labour - 16x9 - Videos | Global News A1 - GlobalNews,  Y1 - 2012/05/01/ UR - http://www.globalnews.ca/video/disposable+labour/video.html?v=2228323126#video UR - http://www.globalnews.ca/video/index.html?v=w9utwyzJOBfy4KM4sZY1CnxrgQqbychN#video Y2 - 2012-05-15 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Why Do They Keep Coming? Labor Migrants in the Gulf States CY - London PB - C. Hurst & Co Ltd N2 - This article is about identifying factors that encourage migrant workers to the Gulf States. Andre Gardner narrates different stories to migrant to support his arguments. Y1 - 2012/// KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Gulf States KW - motivation behind migration UR - http://www.academia.edu/1766243/Why_Do_They_Keep_Coming_Labour_Migrants_in_the_Persian_Gulf_States Y2 - 2013-04-27 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Report on the MIGRATION SITUATION of CAMBODIAN MALE and FEMALE LABORERS CY - Phnom Penh, Cambodia PB - Cambodia Development Resource Institute N2 - During the first four months of 2012, the number of complaints for interventions from migrants’ families was increased up to 5 times, compared to the same period of last year (the number of complaints ADHOC received during the first four months of 2012 is 141 cases, while it was only 23 cases for the same period last year). Migration occurred in two forms: legal and illegal migrations. General challenges faced by the two forms of migration include forced overwork, little or no rest time, untreated illnesses, torture, severe physical assault, underpayment, threats, being jailed, being forced to continue work illegally and the cut-off of relationship with family members. Among the 141 cases, some were from Malaysia, Thailand, South Africa, China, Singapore, Japan, Fiji and so on. While hardship and violations have happened on female migrant workers, the Royal Government of Cambodia decided to impose a freeze on sending of female migrant workers to Malaysia. This suspension has been regarded a punishment on some companies and agencies which failed to be responsible for migrant workers who were sent through them and who were faced with right violations. However, the mere announcement without establishing strict mechanisms in resolving the problems of migrant workers still working in Malaysia has caused grave concerns to their families in Cambodia, because they have not received any information about their children, spouse, or relatives working in those countries. This concern is the first reason for the increased number of complaints. Among the 141 cases, 94 (70%) filed complaints on the ground of the loss of contact with migrant workers to Malaysia. This was because after the government’s suspension, some private companies licenses to send workers to Malaysia have been revoked; some companies ended their business; while some became bankrupt. This has led to the loss of contact between migrant workers and their relatives. Moreover, the state’s mechanisms responsible for building links in the absence of the companies have not functioned effectively. Another reason of the mounting number of complaints was because right violation on male and females migrant workers in Malaysia has gotten even more deteriorating. As monitoring mechanisms and solutions by companies about migrant workers’ welfare before the suspension had been already weak; once the suspense was officially announced, nothing has been of help in regard with right violations which were constantly getting worse. According to ADHOC’s observation, Cambodian male/female migrant workers currently working in Malaysia are facing three major challenges: 1) loss of contact with the family because of company’s closure; 2) sever right violations; 3) being forced to continue to work. In order to resolve these challenges, the government shall immediately establish monitoring and protection measures to fill the gaps left by the companies after the freeze and their licenses revoked, to protect migrant workers’ rights. For illegal migrant workers (through brokers ), though few complaints were received and little information was known, they are even more vulnerable to violations, as no institution is in charge of monitoring their safety; they sometimes had to run away from police, they were under threats, they received low wages, they were forced to overwork. This has happened because they crossed border illegally, thus, sometimes were arrested and jailed, were enslaved, were unable to get back home. To resolve the aforementioned challenges, ADHOC would make the following recommendations: 1. The government, especially Ministry of Labor, shall push for the creation of MOU between the Royal Government of Cambodia and receiving countries to set forth working conditions between sending and receiving countries on the ground of human right principles on labor and social rights, more particular, the respect and application of international convention on the protection of migrant workers’ rights; and shall review MOU between Cambodia and Thailand by adding more human right-based responsibilities in receiving and crossing their countries for the sake of migrant workers’ benefit for the two countries to avoid human right violations. In that, Thai government should establish ‘during transit’ policy and urge the employers to be responsible for providing legal aids for illegal cross-border migrant workers. 2. A monitoring mechanism should be established to monitor migrant workers’ welfare in the country of origin and in receiving countries, especially Malaysia, in order to build communication between the workers and their family members during which companies/agents in charge close down their office; and the government should strengthen conflict resolution mechanisms and effectively prevent violations on migrant workers’ rights. 3. The government especially the Ministry of Social Affairs and Ministry of Labor should increase vocational trainings as well as create more job opportunities, working conditions (decent wages in accordance with market price of goods) for our citizens in general and for people in rural areas in particular. Ministry of Interior should facilitate service fees and application process for passport, so that Cambodian citizens will find it easier to obtain legal and proper employment documents. 4. The government with Ministry of Labor in charge, in cooperation with Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Interior should set up hotline system nationwide and in receiving countries, in order to rescue victims in a timely manner in the case of violations on both legal and illegal migrant workers. 5. Increase cooperation with ASEAN community and Great Mekong Sub-region in combating human trafficking, labor violation and modern slavery. 6. The government should push for the effective enforcement of Law on Social Security Scheme and enhance responsibilities of related institutions and stakeholders. Also, the government should push for effective enforcement on companies, agencies or individuals who violate laws. Y1 - 2012/// KW - Cambodian migrant workers KW - Human Rights Violation UR - http://www.dtp.unsw.edu.au/.../ADHOCImmigrationLaborReportApril2012ArtWorkEN03.pdf Y2 - 2013-04-20 ER - TY - PAMP T1 - Travailleurs migrants au Canada: Main-d'oeuvre bon marché facilement abusée PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Frais de recrutement exorbitants, heures supplémentaires imposées et non rémunérées, conditions de travail dangereuses, piètres conditions de vie... Ce ne sont là que quelques exemples des nombreux abus subis par des travailleurs migrants au Canada. Ce document de quatre pages peut être utilisé aux fins de sensibilisation et éducation publique A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2012/04/01/ UR - http://ccrweb.ca/files/travailleursmigrants4pages.pdf Y2 - 2012-04-14 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Something is Better than Nothing: Enhancing the protection of Indian migrant workers through Bilateral Agreements and Memoranda of Understanding CY - Philippines PB - Migrant Forum in Asia N2 - This article is about recent interest in MOUs for cooperation on labor migration in Asia, Asia and bilateral MOUs on labor migration, the objectives of MOUs. India’s migration profile in South Asia and the context of MOUs, statistical profile of Indian migration, Indian migrant workers-features of vulnerability, bilateral cooperation: MOUs of India with destination countries, types of bilateral MOUs and agreements and the analysis of MOUs in term of its objective, scope of the agreements, job offeres and the employment contract (UAE, Oman), provisions for the protection and promotion of the welfare of workers, information provision and sharing, dispute resolution, joint committees for monitoring and follow up. This articles also focuses on applicable labor laws, absence of a normative framework to guide the MOUs, the MOUs confer disproportionate powers on employers, absence of enforcement mechanisms, non-operational Joint Committees. Moreover, it also talks about the ineffectiveness of MOUs and other mechanism that can be used to protect migrant workers. A1 - Wickramasekara, Piyasiri Y1 - 2012/// KW - Indian Migrant Workers KW - Memoranda of Understanding Effectiveness UR - http://www.globalmigrationpolicy.org/articles/labour/Something%20Better%20than%20Nothing%20-BLAs%20&%20MOUs%20for%20Indian%20MWs,%20WICKRAMASEKARA%20%20MFA%202012.pdf Y2 - 2013-03-25 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Cambodian Domestic Workers in Malaysia: Challenges in Labor Migration Policy and Potential Mechanisms for Protection CY - Phnom Penh, Cambodia N2 - This paper will look at the challenges facing young Cambodian women who migrate to Malaysia as domestic workers. Section I will discuss the causes leading to the labor shortage in Malaysia and the difficulties in regulating this particular informal sector. The recruitment agency system for Cambodians is also detailed as well as the current working conditions for Cambodians in Malaysia. Section II will look at current legal mechanisms in place for workers, covering the domestic laws of Cambodia and Malaysia as well as international covenants, including a detailed analysis of the brand new Convention on Domestic Workers, adopted in June of 2011. Section III provides a case study of the Philippines where government regulation of the labor migration system has led to increases in remittances, worker protection and higher remuneration. Section IV concludes with recommendations for strengthening the labor migration system for Cambodians working in Malaysia. A1 - Léone, Elizabeth A. Y1 - 2012/01/15/ KW - Domestic Workers KW - Malaysia KW - Cambodia UR - http://usfca.edu/law/docs/cambodianworkers/ Y2 - 2013-04-20 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Constructing and Imagining Labour Migration: Perspectives of Control from Five Continents PB - Ashgate Pub Co N2 - Labour migration has been on the agenda of many countries around the globe at the same time as governments of both sending and receiving countries have been trying to develop regulatory mechanisms. This book opens the debate on the global politics of labour migration by proposing a re-assessment of the interaction between states regarding labour migration. Presenting case-specific scholarship from leading experts from five different continents, each contribution engages with the changing landscape of migration control and teases out emerging control patterns, dynamics and correlations that can be made between them and existing control paradigms. The multidisciplinary and global focus in 'Constructing and Imagining Labour Migration' sheds much needed light on the mechanisms deployed by states in their attempts to control labour migration and on the manner in which these mechanisms impact upon migrants themselves, leaving some caught up in the politics of labour market control. A1 - Guild, Elspeth A1 - Mantu, Sandra Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://www.amazon.ca/dp/1409409635/ref=rdr_ext_tmb Y2 - 2013-10-09 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Report on the Status of Migrant Workers in Canada 2011 PB - UFCW N2 - Preface Thank you for taking the time to read the UFCW Canada Report on the Status of Migrant Workers 2011. This annual Report was compiled to educate about the draconian federal Temporary Foreign Workers Program (TFWP) and the genuine human cost that continues to scar Canada’s reputation internationally. More importantly, the TFWP continues to be a dark, painful and dreary road wrought with abuse, exploitation and utter lack of oversite for tens of thousands of people annually entering Canada. As shocking as it may be for those who deny this reality, primarily governments and employers, parallels have been drawn to the slave trade and indentured servitude of a colonial era many thought had past. Moreover, the number of people in Canada who are unaware of the sometimes sub-human conditions that many migrants are subjected to once in Canada is shocking. As such, this Report is intended to act as an easily accessible vehicle to raise awareness and concern amongst our membership of 250,000, the Canadian public, NGOs, international bodies and organizations, and a variety of governmental jurisdictions across the country. UFCW Canada is in a unique position to provide a reliable and genuine account of the current national situation regarding migrant workers. As the largest private sector union in the country, UFCW Canada annually comes into face-to-face contact with more than 50,000 migrant workers – this is greater than any other organization, NGO, or government (including the federal government) in the country. Moreover, it is estimated that the UFCW Canada has the greatest percentage of its membership of any union in Canada being migrant workers. We know that the need for support for some of the most vulnerable workers in the country is tremendous. For instance, in response to our recent 2010 UFCW Canada funded Scholarship for the Children of Migrant Workers, we received over 4,000 applications within a few short months. In reading this Report you are likely to be appalled by the testimony and information provided. The Canadian ethos has been contentedly dismantled by the Conservative federal government in the name of higher profits for a few. The horrific treatment of migrant workers is a conspicuous symbol of that rupture in our shared humanity. If conditions are to change, they will only do so by continuing to build our movement with community allies and individuals such as you. We ask only one thing. Please speak to your family members, neighbours, friends, co-workers and elected officials about this ongoing catastrophe of extraordinary proportions. Only by raising awareness together will change occur. While our resources are finite, if you are holding an event in support of migrant and immigrant communities, require speakers or other support, please feel free to contact us. Finally, if you require ongoing information on migrant workers and our ongoing regional, national and international campaigns please feel free to visit our webpage at www.ufcw.ca/socialjustice and sign up for the Human Rights, Equity and Diversity (HRED) E-Mail List Serve. In solidarity, Wayne Hanley, President, UFCW Canada January, 2011 A1 - UFCWCanada,  A1 - UFCW/TUAC Canada,  Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://www.ufcw.ca/templates/ufcwcanada/images/Report-on-The-Status-of-Migrant-Workers-in-Canada-2011.pdf Y2 - 2013-09-11 T3 - UFCW Reports ER - TY - THES T1 - LIVING ON THE EDGE: ADDRESSING EMPLOYMENT GAPS FOR TEMPORARY MIGRANT WORKERS UNDER THE LIVE-IN CAREGIVER PROGRAM CY - Montreal PB - McGill University N2 - This study evaluates unemployment gaps experienced by participants under Canada’s Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP) – a program which allows foreign nationals to enter Canada as temporary residents and, if they complete the program requirements, allows them to apply for permanent residence from within Canada. Using data collected from legal files of a Vancouver based community organisation this study examines why some LCP workers experience longer employment gaps than others and what can be done to reduce these gaps. Policy alternatives are drawn from regression analysis and literature from other jurisdictions. To reduce the lengthiest of gaps this study recommends work permits be extended from one to four years. This recommendation is supplemented with additional programming and evaluation options. A1 - Cheung, Leslie Y1 - 2011/// VL - M.SW. T2 - Social Work SP - 86 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Canada destination for Philippines human trafficking ring: Report N2 - A suspected human smuggling ring that would have brought several dozen Filipinos to Quebec was broken last week, according to a Philippines news site. Jennifer Bacus was arrested after police rescued 25 people in Davao City who had been promised jobs as bellboys, housekeepers and hotel receptionists. A1 - Justicia for Migrant Workers,  Y1 - 2011/06/22/ UR - http://j4mw.tumblr.com/post/6784937654 UR - http://www.allvoices.com/news/9459082-canada-destination-for-philippines-human-trafficking-ring-report Y2 - 2011-06-28 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Dubai's skyscrapers, stained by the blood of migrant workers CY - London, UK PB - Theguardian N2 - Visiting Dubai on a work trip, I was wandering the resplendent hallways of my a hotel searching for an ATM when a commotion occurred. Some of the hotel staff were scurrying about, looking obviously distressed. I asked one of them if there was any trouble and he responded with a glossy smile. There was no trouble, madam, and was there anything he could help me with? A few hours later, I discovered that there had indeed been trouble. A man – an Indian worker – had jumped from Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world, and a symbol of Dubai's prowess. It is a needle-shaped skyscraper which impales the bleak Dubai sky. Originally known as Burj Dubai, the building was planned during the city's orgiastic construction phase, where the sky was the limit, but completed after the bubble had burst. It was then renamed in honour of Abu Dhabi's ruler, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed, who rescued Dubai from its debt crisis. Gossip about the suicide was horrifyingly callous. "It only took 10 months" [after the opening of the hotel], one person said. "He's inaugurated the building," another almost laughed. "Why did he jump?" I asked. People shrugged. He's probably an expatriate worker, I was told – it's usually them. There is nothing remarkable about people being desensitised to suicides. London commuters on the underground can probably understand, but when the suicides are almost exclusively from one minority working in certain jobs, it is nothing short of inhumane. The dark underbelly of Dubai is never far away and sometimes we see the effect of this uglier side lying lifeless on a pavement. The man, apparently an Indian cleaner who had been denied a holiday, was scraped off the floor on which he landed on and life went back to normal. Tourists and expats lapped up the luxury and sunshine, while workers from south Asia, little moving dots on the facades of the buildings under construction throughout the city, were ferried in buses to and from their living quarters. A couple of days later, another Indian man jumped from Jumeirah Lake Towers. The Indian consulate in Dubai has since revealed that at least two Indian expats commit suicide each week. The consul-general stated that most are blue-collar workers who are either semi-skilled or skilled. There is something deeply sinister about Dubai luxury, even more so since the local economy went into spectacular decline with the sovereign debt default in 2009. Fawning staff (almost exclusively expatriate) encircle you from the moment you arrive. From handler to driver to receptionist to concierge, the over-the-top attention is underpinned not by a dedication to a superlative service, but by fear. If there is a problem, grovelling apologies are proffered and olive branches extended – all to prevent a complaint that in today's economic climate almost certainly means dismissal or extreme chastisement. People, nationalities and jobs exist in silos, isolated from each other. You can be in Dubai for days and not interact with a local. It seems to me a place where the worst of western capitalism and the worst of Gulf Arab racism meet in a horrible vortex. The most pervasive feeling is of a lack of compassion, where the commoditisation of everything and the disdain for certain nationalities thickens the skin to the tragic plight of fellow human beings. Psychologically, these workers are isolated and alienated; practically, they are trapped by draconian sponsorship laws in the UAE, and in debt to agents back home. This is exacerbated by the fact that there is such little enforceable employment law in these markets. Such economies have developed so rapidly that social and civic attitudes have not kept pace, and the sponsorship system is open to abuse and still victimises migrant workers throughout the Gulf. Dubai is considered an emirate under a popular, liberal, benevolent and forward-looking ruling family that has managed to develop the economy and extend its hands to the outside world without compromising its culture or values. Nobody is naive enough to claim that capitalism does not claim casualties and create classes, or that expatriates from the sub-continent have not made happy and relatively lucrative lives in the region, but Dubai's name is becoming stained by the blood of migrant workers. Y1 - 2011/05/26/ KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - suicide UR - http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/may/27/dubai-migrant-worker-deathshttp://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/may/27/dubai-migrant-worker-deaths Y2 - 2013-02-23 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cambodian Migrants in Thailand: Working Conditions and Issues IS - 7 PB - Canadian Center of Science and Education N2 - The significant differences in standards of living available across the Thai-Cambodian border are influential in encouraging large numbers of Cambodian migrants to travel for work in Thailand on a temporary or permanent basis. Demand for labour is generally in labour-intensive industries with low value added and the low wages provided act to depress overall earnings. This situation contributes to social tensions and means otherwise uncompetitive work is continued which would otherwise be discontinued because of lack of profitability. Using the findings from qualitative, in-depth interviews with 59 Cambodian migrant workers in Thailand, this paper investigates the types of work that Cambodian migrants are undertaking in Thailand and the conditions in which they live, which is partly determined by the type of work they undertake. Living conditions will in turn determine to some extent the ability of workers to modify their future prospects as remittances change their future prospects. A1 - Walsh, John A1 - Ty, Makararavy Y1 - 2011/// KW - Cambodian migrant workers KW - Thailand KW - Living Condition UR - http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/download/8797/7980 Y2 - 2013-04-20 JA - Asian Social Science VL - 7 SP - 23 M2 - 23 SP - 23-29 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Exploitation of Migrant Chinese Construction Workers in Singapore PB - HUMANITARIAN ORGANISATION FOR MIGRATION ECONOMICS N2 - This article presents some back group of Singapore relating to migrant workers. For example in Singapore, it is estimated that more than 85% of the construction workforce are foreign workers and they are mostly originating from China, India, Bangladesh and Thailand. The vast majority of migrant construction workers that come to Singapore often relay on unlicensed or poorly regulated recruitment agencies. Other rely on informal network of friends to help secure employment. It also highlights exploitation, abuse, and other human rights violations that migrant workers are facing. The results of the research finding shows that workers in the construction field top concerns are low wages, long working hours (more than ten hours per day), compulsory overtime work, poor living conditions and no assurance of employment once their existing work permits expire. Finally, the article provides recommendations for the improvement of the migrant workers’ welfare in Singapore. Y1 - 2011/// KW - Living Condition of Migrant workers in Singapore UR - http://home.org.sg/downloads/PRC_MCW_Report_final_2011.pdf Y2 - 2013-03-30 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Migration plays an important role in the Sri Lankan economy CY - Sri Lanka PB - The Sunday Leader Y1 - 2011/02/22/ KW - migration KW - Sri Lanka KW - remittance UR - http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2011/02/22/migration-plays-an-important-role-in-the-sri-lankan-economy/ Y2 - 2013-04-27 JA - The Sunday Leader ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Not Just a Few Bad Apples: Vulnerability, Health and Temporary Migration in Canada IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes A1 - Hennebry, Jenna L. Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-23 JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 74 M2 - 74 SP - 74-77 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Welcoming the World to Vancouver: Temporary Foreign Workers on the Canada Line Construction Project CY - University of Milan Faculty of Law N2 - This paper focuses on a series of discrimination complaints arising out of one of these employment settings – the boring of a tunnel for a major expansion of rapid transit in the city of Vancouver. These complaints, which are still proceeding through the appeal process, succeeded, but only in part. This short paper considers the interaction between Canada’s laws on discrimination and collective bargaining and reflects on the meaning of discrimination based on national origin in a globalized labour market. A1 - Benedet, Janine Y1 - 2010/05/20/ UR - http://www.ialsnet.org/meetings/labour/papers/Benedet-Canada.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-06 T2 - IALS General Assembly Conference on Labour Law and Labour Market in the New World Economy ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Ending the Exploitation of Migrant Workers In The Gulf IS - 2 PB - The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs N2 - Migrant laborers provide important services and support in our globalizing world. They provide a variety of menial and low-skill services in the private and public sectors. They work in factories, fish farms, households, plantations, and construction sites and serve as nannies, maids, cooks, sweepers, servants, and laborers both within and beyond their nation-state boundaries. In this article, I refer to migrant workers as those who have been, are, or plan to be engaged in work for wages in states which they are not nationals.1 According to a 2006 estimate by the International Labor Organization (ILO), "there are more than 86 million migrant workers in the world, 34 million of them in developing regions."'2 According to existing literature and media reports, migrant workers are exploited in most regions of the world. In this paper, I analyze the ways migrant workers are being victimized in their quest for better jobs in the Gulf states where some 10 million of them currently serve. Jobs resulting from this region's great wealth of oil and gas draw in tens of thousands of new migrants every year. Looking for a way out of poverty, migrant workers from developing countries such as Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Indonesia pay large fees to obtain labor intensive jobs in this region. While many of them are able to earn more than they would have earned in their native countries, many also suffer appalling abuse. In both the sending and receiving countries, migrant workers are often misled and exploited by intermediaries, sponsors, and employers. In numerous cases, the migrant laborers end up not only losing the investments they make in obtaining their jobs, but also their basic human dignity, health, and, in some tragic cases, even their lives. All too often, they are deprived of pay, forced to work, left in squalid living conditions, denied the freedom to move or change jobs, and subjected to physical and sexual abuse. Their exploitation violates both internationally established norms and basic principles of the Islamic faith that serve as the foundation of morality and law in these states. Migrant workers today are an extremely vulnerable group and are caught up in those of a vicious problem that is created and sustained by poverty, labor rackets, dynamics of globalization, and government inaction or corruption in both their home and host countries. Ending this problem is a moral imperative for both the governments that send and receive them. Robust policy prescriptions to put an end to this vicious problem are also available; yet, they are not being acted upon primarily due to a lack of social awareness about the plight of migrant workers. In the absence of a catalyst for action, ending the exploitation of migrant workers is not at the top of the public agenda in either the sending or the receiving countries. I therefore propose that "moral diplomacy" can serve as a catalyst to spark policy changes that can lead to the end of migrant labor exploitation. Migrant workers must be treated with human dignity, given fair wages on time, and guaranteed their fundamental human rights. Reforms of the migrant labor system must ensure that migrant workers have "decent work" which, in the ILO's terms, is "productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security, and dignity."3 These rights are rooted in the ethical and social justice traditions found not only in international law, 4 but in Islamic law5 and in the national legal systems of the Gulf states as well. I conceive of moral diplomacy broadly as diplomacy with ethical consciousness. Essentially, it is a strategic communication campaign that should have both conventional diplomatic and public/citizen-diplomatic dimensions. Anchored in the largely universally recognized moral values of those recognized in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, moral diplomacy can be conducted not just by professional diplomats but also by the world's citizens who care about human rights and believe in vulnerable people's right to decent work and life. Moral diplomacy need not take the form of moral didacticism; rather, it should focus on increasing transparency regarding the conditions of migrant laborers, highlighting the inconsistency of their treatment with both global and local values and norms, and promoting a social dialogue among all stakeholders that leads to greater awareness and a moral consensus for meaningful social reform. This paper develops the above argument, integrating research reports, media stories, and findings from my own fieldwork in the Gulf, which dates back to 2001. During my fieldwork, I observed migrant workers in their worksites, barracks, or on embassy premises. I have also interviewed corporate officials and local scholars, students, and community leaders to understand the problem from multiple perspectives. In addition, I have talked to many returning migrant workers and government officials in Bangladesh, a country which sends a large percentage of migrant workers serving in the Gulf States. Political realities in this region limit the ability of individuals and groups to collect and publish solid "scientific" data on labor issues. With broad quantitative data unavailable, qualitative inquiry and anecdotal analysis provides the best opportunity to develop an understanding of how migrant laborers are treated or victimized in this region. A1 - AUWAL, MOHAMMAD A Y1 - 2010/// KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - UAE KW - Ending the Exploitation UR - http://dl.tufts.edu/file_assets/tufts:UP149.001.00071.00008 Y2 - 2013-05-01 VL - 32 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Social Protection for Migrant Domestic Workers in Cambodia: A Case Study PB - The Global Network Solidar N2 - The goal of this case study is twofold. First, this research aims to provide an understanding of the many difficulties migrant workers face. Second, this report seeks to examine the path to overcoming the previously stated challenges. The first chapter explores social protections in Cambodia. After a broad examination of social protections in Cambodia the focus is narrowed to those social protections affecting migrant workers. The subsequent chapter looks at the story of a woman named Vann Sinoun who was a Cambodian migrant worker. Vann Sinoun’s story illustrates in a very human way the hardships migrant workers face. The final chapter looks at the different advocacy strategies undertaken on behalf of migrant workers. The study concludes with a brief discussion of the steps that need to be undertaken to ensure social protections for Cambodians. Y1 - 2010/// KW - Domestic Workers KW - Cambodia UR - http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/download/8797/7980 Y2 - 2013-05-01 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Business and Migration Roundtable for Collective Action: Strengthening migrant workers protection in the supply chain CY - London, UK PB - The Institute for Human Rights and Business (IHRB), the International Business Leader Forum (IBLF) , and Ethical Trading Initiative N2 - The Institute for Human Rights and Business (IHRB) and the International Business Leader Forum (IBLF) held a routable discussion about the migration issues from different stakeholders. The roundtables aim to raise the debate on the role of private sector within migration in key sending and receiving countries, promote collective action on specific issues related to the protection of migrants’ rights which fall within companies’ spheres of influence, identify entry points for dialogue between business and government on related policy matters. The topics that brought in the roundtable discussion were exploring areas of risk to migrant workers in the recruitment process in both sending and receiving countries. Identifying common issues that migrant workers are facing in company supply chains. Identifying appropriate risk mitigation strategies in order to improve the protection of migration workers within the supply chain, explore cases of good recruitment practice by brands, suppliers and labor providers, possible ways for collective action in reducing abusive recruitment and employment practices in supply chain in South and South East Asia. Y1 - 2010/03/24/ KW - Roundtable Discussion UR - http://www.ihrb.org/pdf/Business_and_Migration_Roundtable_1_Strengthening_Migrant_Worker_Protection_In_Company_Supply_Chains_Report.pdf Y2 - 2013-03-30 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Pick-Your-Own Labor: Migrant Workers and Flexibility in Canadian Agriculture IS - 2 PB - International Migration Review Y1 - 2010/// UR - https://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/pickyourownlabour.pdf Y2 - 2016-03-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From Fields of Power to Fields of Sweat: the dual process of constructing temporary migrant labour in Mexico and Canada IS - 3 N2 - This article examines the social construction of migrant labour forces through an analysis of the exterior and interior conditioning in an agricultural contract labour programme between Mexico and Canada. I argue that forms of exterior conditioning, especially employers’ point-of-production control, establishes the context within which migrant workers’ experience unfolds, for which reason it contributes to their ‘interior conditioning’. But I argue as well that the result is shaped by workers’ employment of a ‘dual frame of reference’ through which they gauge Canadian wages and working conditions the only way they can, which is in relationship to Mexican ones. Given that neoliberal policies have reduced the options available in Mexico, and diminished the attractiveness of those that remain, contract labour in Canada presents one of the few opportunities many poor, rural Mexicans have to acquire the income necessary for a minimally dignified life. Consequently most workers in this programme do everything possible to please their employers and continue in the programme. A1 - Binford, Leigh Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=5&hid=13&sid=feb7695c-ba8c-4597-be1a-8b5219f0be9e%40sessionmgr10&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=wdh&AN=37252117 Y2 - 2011-07-26 JA - Third World Quartely VL - 30 SP - 503 M2 - 503 SP - 503-517 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance Bits and Bites 2(29) PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance N2 - - Coroner’s Inquest set for December 8 – 18, 2009 - KAIROS funding gets cut by CIDA - UFCW Canada and AWA participate in National Day of Action Rally - AWA hits the airwaves in Toronto! A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2009/e-news-vol2-issue-29/ Y2 - 2011-06-06 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance Bits and Bites! 2(8) PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2009/news-vol-2-issue-8/ Y2 - 2011-06-04 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Rapport de recherche-évaluation : les travailleurs agricoles migrants mexicains et guatémaltèques de l’Île d’Orléans Portrait des besoins de santé, de l’accessibilité et des trajectoires d’utilisation des services de santé A1 - Amar et als, Maxime Y1 - 2009/// ER - TY - THES T1 - Shifting responsibilities in migrant matrifocal households: A look at transnational households in the Caribbean CY - Canada PB - University of Guelph (Canada) N2 - This research concerns itself with characteristics of contemporary migrations, such as an increased emphasis on temporary relocations over permanent resettlements, an engagement with socionormative gender roles within migrant households, and an increased focus on women's participation on both ends of the migratory spectrum. The decision to involve both migrants and non-migrants into this study results from the acknowledgment that both groups play different but invaluable roles in sustaining international migratory practices. To investigate these contemporary migration practices, this thesis performs a gendered analysis of Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) with emphasis placed on Caribbean migrants and Barbadian non-migrants who participate in international labour migration The research locations for this study were Canada and Barbados. A1 - Scantlebury, T. Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1897211101&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-06-11 VL - M.A. ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Les travailleurs étrangers temporaires et les travailleurs sans statut légal : rapport du Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration N1 - président, David Tilson. Rapport du Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration Temporary foreign workers and non-status workers 28 cm. "40e législature, 2e session". Diffusé par le Programme des services de dépôt du gouvernement du Canada. CY - Ottawa PB - Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration N2 - Au cours de la deuxième session de la 39e législature, le Comité a parcouru le Canada du 31 mars au 17 avril pour entendre des témoignages sur les travailleurs étrangers temporaires et les travailleurs sans statut légal (ou sans papiers1) et sur deux autres sujets. Durant une période de trois semaines, il a reçu une bonne centaine de mémoires (voir l’annexe B) et entendu plusieurs dizaines de témoins (voir l’annexe A) dans les 12 villes où il s’est arrêté : Vancouver, Edmonton, Moosejaw, Winnipeg, Kitchener- Waterloo, Scarborough, Toronto, Dorval, Québec, Fredericton, Halifax et St. John’s. Le Comité actuel a cru qu’il était important de terminer ce travail pendant la 40e législature. Les travailleurs étrangers temporaires et les travailleurs sans statut légal ont des parcours d’entrée au Canada qui sont différents, des statuts différents et des perspectives différentes de participation économique et sociale à la vie canadienne. Cependant, ils ont en commun leur statut non permanent et leur vulnérabilité à l’exploitation, ils viennent combler les mêmes pénuries de main-d’oeuvre et ont les mêmes difficultés à obtenir leur résidence permanente. La partie I du présent rapport s’attache aux programmes canadiens d’immigration destinés aux travailleurs étrangers temporaires. Elle met en lumière la situation actuelle et la vision pour l’avenir, les possibilités de transition du statut de travailleur temporaire à celui de résident permanent et divers aspects des programmes eux-mêmes, à savoir leurs composantes administratives, la protection des travailleurs et l’expérience des travailleurs. La partie II porte sur les travailleurs sans statut légal, terme adopté par le Comité au cours de son étude. Elle propose des moyens d’enrayer la croissance de la population de travailleurs sans statut légal. A1 - Canada. Parlement. Chambre des communes. Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration.,  Y1 - 2009/// T3 - 40e législation, 2e session ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The New Bonded Labour? The impact of proposed changes to the UK immigration system on migrant domestic workers N1 - ***: Nonetheless, the rights to leave an employer, renew a visa, settle in the country, and access a full range of employment rights and health care are vital for the migrants’ well-being. Under the new system, these immigration and employment rights will completely disappear, leaving MDWs without any protection against abuse. Not being able to change employers translates into an increased number of cases of abuse and exploitation, as MDWs will be trapped in one household. Leaving that household will make them illegal, a powerful tool of control for employers. Illegality among MDWs will grow, as more and more workers will end up staying longer than the six months allowed by their visa. This will be through no fault of their own....The new system will increase the risk of trafficking, as it will allow employers to recruit MDWs abroad for purposes of forced labour in the UK. This will occur without the existence of any protection for workers or punishment for employers...The proposals to remove the rights of MDWs contradict the government’s current commitments to protect victims of trafficking and work towards ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. Arguably, it will also result in the contravention of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, with respect to the rights to safety, to not be enslaved, to not be treated in a degrading manner, to an adequate standard of living, and to equal access to protection in law. -p.6 They will be unable to change employer, and may lose access to employment rights. The main consequence will be increased vulnerability due to being trapped in the household with no possibility of leaving...Anti-Slavery International recommends in Trafficking for Forced Labour: UK Country Report that the proposals are dropped. It states that the proposals would contribute to MDWs being trafficked; that ‘the impact of trafficking in human beings needs to be assessed as an essential part of changes in migration policies’; and that legal channels by which workers migrate should be ‘seen as a tool to prevent trafficking’.29 The House of Lords and House of Commons Joint Committee on Human Rights recommend in their report on human trafficking that the proposed changes would mean that ‘domestic workers who are trying to flee a violent employer would be less likely to do so, and less likely to approach public authorities for help or to report their abuse’. -p.25 Once MDWs are forbidden to change employer legally, they will become even more vulnerable to exploitation. Whenever an abusive employment situation occurs and MDWs leave their employers, they will become 'illegal'. They will therefore be susceptible to further abuse by other, unscrupulous, employers who may take advantage of a worker's irregular immigration status. Immigration status will revert to being a tool used by employers to control MDWs, as it was before the previous change in legislation in 1998. Moreover, the underlying problem will remain that MDWs will lack information regarding the conditions of the visa, in much the same way as they do now. But the consequences will be much worse, because conditions under the new legislation will be much stricter. Considering that even now, domestic workers who do not know they are allowed to leave their employers still do so, because their conditions of work and pay are unbearable, it seems unlikely that they would not do the same under the new legislation, with the difference being that doing this will result in their illegality...Ultimately, preventing domestic workers from accessing the right to change employer and renew their visa would increase the risk of domestic workers being trafficked. -p. 26 Therefore, the proposed legislation would allow employers to do exactly what is described above: recruit persons by means of the use of coercion and of a position of vulnerability, for the purpose of exploitation in terms of forced labour. The new immigration provisions for domestic workers would make it virtually impossible to prevent forced labour from occurring, and may indeed even encourage it: it would be left unpunished. As such, the new legislation is in direct contravention to the Home Office stated policy on trafficking. -p. 27 By not allowing MDWs to legally change their employer, abuse will continue to go unpunished. Employers will be able to mistreat MDWs and keep them in conditions akin to slavery, without the risk of the migrant running away and reporting them to the competent authorities. ...Under the new legislation, MDWs would lose all protection from being mistreated and abused -p. 31 PB - OXFAM, KALAYAAN N2 - The UK wanted to revert to old laws, that of domestic workers being tied to their employer. OXFAM and KALAYAAN (Justice for migrant domestic workers) assess the implications of such changes A1 - OXFAM,  A1 - KALAYAAN,  Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.kalayaan.org.uk/documents/Kalayaan%20Oxfam%20report.pdf Y2 - 2015-11-04 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Migrant workers reap bitter in Ontario A1 - Encalada Grez, Evelyn Y1 - 2008/10/28/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/opinion/2008/10/28/migrant_workers_reap_bitter_harvest_in_ontario.html Y2 - 2014-04-22 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - THES T1 - Preliminary epidemiological study of latent tuberculosis in Mexican agricultural workers in the Niagara Region, Canada CY - Ottawa PB - Brock University N2 - It is well documented that the majority of Tuberculosis (TB) cases diagnosed in Canada are related to foreign-bom persons from TB high-burden countries. The Canadian seasonal agricultural workers program (SAWP) operating with Mexico allows migrant workers to enter the country with a temporary work permit for up to 8 months. Preiimnigration screening of these workers by both clinical examination and chest X-ray (CXR) reduces the risk of introducing cases of active pulmonary TB to Canada, but screening for latent TB (LTBI) is not routinely done. Studies carried out in industrialized nations with high immigration from TBendemic countries provide data of lifetime LTBI reactivation of around 10% but little is known about reactivation rates within TB-endemic countries where new infections (or reinfections) may be impossible to distinguish from reactivation. Migrant populations like the SAWP workers who spend considerable amounts of time in both Canada and TBendemic rural areas in Mexico are a unique population in terms of TB epidemiology. However, to our knowledge no studies have been undertaken to explore either the existence of LTBI among Mexican workers, the probability of reactivation or the workers' exposure to TB cases while back in their communities before returning the following season. Being aware of their LTBI status may help workers to exercise healthy behaviours to avoid TB reactivation and therefore continue to access the SAWP. In order to assess the prevalence of LTBI and associated risk factors among Mexican migrant workers a preliminary cross sectional study was designed to involve a convenience sample of the Niagara Region's Mexican workers in 2007. Research ethics clearance was granted by Brock University. Individual questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic and TB-related epidemiological data as well as TB knowledge and awareness levels. Cellular immunity to M tuberculosis was assessed by both an Interferon-y release assay (lGRA), QuantiFERON -TB Gold In-Tube (QFf™) and by the tuberculin skin test (TSn using Mantoux. A total of 82 Mexican workers (out of 125 invited) completed the study. Most participants were male (80%) and their age ranged from 22 to 65 years (mean 38.5). The prevalence of LTBI was 34% using TST and 18% using QFTTM. As previously reported, TST (using ~lOmm cut-off) showed a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 79.1 %. These findings at the moment cannot predict the probability of progression to active TB; only longitudinal cohort studies of this population can ascertain this outcome. However, based on recent publications, lORA positive individuals may have up to 14% probability of reactivation within the next two years. Although according to the SA WP guidelines, all workers undergo TB screening before entering or re-entering Canada, CXR examination requirements showed to be inconsistent for this population: whereas 100% of the workers coming to Canada for the first time reported having the procedure done, only 31 % of returning participants reported having had a CXR in the past year. None of the participants reported ever having a CXR compatible with TB which was consistent with the fact that none had ever been diagnosed with active pulmonary TB and with only 3.6% reporting close contact with a person with active TB in their lifetime. Although Mexico reports that 99% of popUlation is fully immunized against TB within the first year of age, only 85.3% of participants reported receiving BOC vaccine in childhood. Conversely, even when TST is not part of the routine TB screening in endemic countries, a suqDrisingly high 25.6% reported receiving a TST in the past. In regards to TB knowledge and awareness, 74% of the studied population had previous knowledge about (active) TB, 42% correctly identified active TB symptomatology, 4.8% identified the correct route of transmission, 4.8% knew about the existence of LTBI, 3.6% knew that latent TB could reactivate and 48% recognized TB as treatable and curable.Of all variables explored as potential risk factors for LTBI, age was the only one which showed statistical significance. Significant associations could not be proven for other known variables (such as sex, TB contact, history of TB) probably because of the small sample size and the homogeneity of the sample. Screening for LTBI by TST (high sensitivity) followed by confirmation with QFT''"'^ (high specificity) suggests to be a good strategy especially for immigrants from TB high-burden countries. After educational sessions, workers positive for LTBI gained greater knowledge about the signs and symptoms of TB reactivation as well as the risk factors commonly associated with reactivation. Additionally, they were more likely to attend their annual health check up and request a CXR exam to monitor for TB reactivation. A1 - Duarte, Angela Y1 - 2008/06/29/ UR - http://dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/1681 Y2 - 2011-08-04 T2 - Applied Health Sciences ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Farmworkers suffer lack of protection, Valley study finds CY - Vancouver A1 - Morton, Brian Y1 - 2008/06/19/ UR - http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/business/story.html?id=38003604-1155-41ce-9c12-ac27c742a620 Y2 - 2014-03-27 JA - Vancouver Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Report on B.C. farm workers' conditions describe unsafe work conditions CY - Vancouver A1 - Canadian Press,  Y1 - 2008/06/19/ KW - Working conditions KW - wage KW - safety KW - Farmworkers KW - sanitaries UR - http://www.justicia4migrantworkers.org/bc/pdf/canadian_press_ccpa_report.pdf Y2 - 2014-03-28 JA - Canadian Press ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporary Employment and Social Inequality in Canada: Exploring Intersections of Gender, Race and Immigration Status IS - 1 N2 - Using data from the 2002–2004 waves of Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this article investigates the consequences of different types of temporary employment—fixed-term or contract, casual, agency and seasonal employment—for differently situated workers in Canada. Attention to intersecting social locations of gender, race and immigrant status helps capture the complex implications of temporary work for inequality. In particular, it highlights the salience of gender relations in shaping workers’ experience of insecurity in different types of temporary employment. A1 - Vosko, Leah F A1 - Fuller, Sylvia Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-007-9201-8 Y2 - 2014-04-21 JA - Social Indicators Research VL - 88 SP - 20 M2 - 20 SP - 20 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Deskilling across the Generations: Reunification among Transnational Filipino Families in Vancouver A1 - Philippine Women Centre - BC,  A1 - Pratt, Geraldine Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/pratt_wkPpr_familyreunification_e.pdf Y2 - 2014-04-20 T2 - Metropolis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative assessment of migrant farm worker health in conventional and organic horticultural systems in the United Kingdom IS - 1 N2 - This study describes the self-reported health and well-being status of field and packhouse workers in UK vegetable horticulture, and tests the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the self-reported health of workers on organic and conventional horticultural farms. The majority of those sampled were migrant workers (93%) from Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and the Ukraine. More than 95% of the respondents were aged 1834 and recruited through university agricultural faculties in East European or employed via UK agencies. The health of 605 farm workers (395 males and 210 females) was measured through the use of four standard health instruments. Farm workers' health was significantly poorer than published national norms for three different health instruments (Short Form 36, EuroQol EQ-5D and the Visual Analogue Scale). There were no significant differences in the health status of farm workers between conventional and organic farms for any of these three instruments. However, organic farm workers scored higher on a fourth health instrument the Short Depression Happiness Scale (SDHS) indicating that workers on organic farms were happier than their counterparts working on conventional farms. Multiple regression analysis suggested that the difference in the SDHS score for organic and conventional farms is closely related to the range and number of tasks the workers performed each day. These findings suggest that a great deal of improvement in the self-reported health of farmers will need to occur before organic farms meet the requirements of the 'Principle of Health' as described by IFOAM. Ensuring that farm workers have a varied range of tasks could be a cost effective means of improving self-reported health status in both organic and conventional farming systems. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 69] A1 - Cross, P. A1 - Edwards , R.T. A1 - Hounsome, B. Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063013 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Science of the Total Environment VL - 391 SP - 55 M2 - 55 SP - 55-65 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Le combat des migrants du Sud CY - Montréal A1 - Tendland, Amélie Y1 - 2008/01/01/ KW - travailleurs étrangers KW - conditions de travail KW - conditions de vie KW - vulnérabilité KW - dépendance KW - Code du travail UR - http://journal.alternatives.ca/spip.php?article3135 Y2 - 2014-03-31 JA - Alternatives SP - 5 ER - TY - THES T1 - Picking Up the Pieces: Examining the Long Term Effects of Family Separation on Pinay Migrant Mothers and Adult Daughters CY - Ottawa PB - University of Toronto N2 - The Philippines is considered one of the largest organized exporters of human labour in the world. Currently, the outflow of migrant workers from the Philippines to over 190 countries across the globe has left over nine million children without parents. This means that over nine million children have personally experienced the trauma of family separation. To understand the devastating long-term consequences of separation on Filipino families, I take as my case study three Pinay mothers who have migrated to Canada under the Foreign Domestic Movement and their adult daughters. The key purpose of this thesis is to open up a deeper discussion around family separation and reunification amongst Pinays who have settled in Canada. It is intended to push the boundaries of what we may already know or think we know about Filipina women in Canada, thereby establishing a more nuanced and heterogeneous understanding of Pinay lives. A1 - De Leon, Conely Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/Picking_up_the_pieces_Examining_the_long.html?id=s1Mu5QaGLoUC Y2 - 2011-08-04 T2 - Social Sciences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the occupational morbidity for migrant and seasonal farmworkers in New York State: A comparison of two methods IS - 1 N2 - PURPOSE: Compare occupational morbidity estimates for migrant and seasonal farmworkers obtained from survey methods versus chart review methods and estimate the proportion of morbidity treated at federally recognized migrant health centers (MHCs) in a highly agricultural region of New York. METHODS: We simultaneously conducted 1) an occupational injury and illness survey among agricultural workers, 2) MHC chart reviews, and 3) hospital emergency room (ER) chart reviews. RESULTS: Of the 24 injuries reported by 550 survey subjects, 54.2% received treatment at MHCs, 16.7% at ERs, 16.7% at some other facility, and 12.5% were untreated. For injuries treated at MHCs or ERs, the incidence density based on survey methods was 29.3 injuries per 10,000 worker-weeks versus 27.4 by chart review. The standardized morbidity ratio for this comparison was 1.07 (95% confidence intervals = 0.65-1.77). CONCLUSIONS: Survey data indicated that 71% of agricultural injury and illness can be captured with MHC and ER chart review. MHC and ER incidence density estimates show strong correspondence between the two methods. A chart review-based surveillance system, in conjunction with a correction factor based on periodic worker surveys, would provide a cost-effective estimate of the occupational illness and injury rate in this population. [References: 20] A1 - Earle-Richardson, G. B. A1 - Brower, M.A. A1 - Jones, A.M. Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063238 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Annals of Epidemiology VL - 18 SP - 1 M2 - 1 SP - 1-7 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Canada's Guest Workers: Not such a warm welcome A1 - The Economist,  Y1 - 2007/11/22/ UR - http://www.economist.com/node/10177080 Y2 - 2013-10-10 JA - The Economist ER - TY - NEWS T1 - 800 more foreign farm workers wanted this year. Mexicans and Jamaicans to fill 2,000 vacant jobs A1 - Constantineau, Bruce Y1 - 2007/06/27/ JA - Vancouver Sun SP - 1 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Missing P.E.I. Sri Lankins may pose threat A1 - Mandel, Charles Y1 - 2007/06/21/ JA - National Post SP - 11 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - B.C. construction companies bringing in skilled Jamaican trades people A1 - Canadian Press Newswire,  Y1 - 2007/06/02/ JA - Canadian Press Newswire ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Se syndiquer pour se faire respecter PB - RCI A1 - Radio Canada,  Y1 - 2007/05/05/ UR - http://www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/societe/2007/05/05/001-travailleurs-mexicains.shtml Y2 - 2014-02-20 JA - Radio-Canada ER - TY - NEWS T1 - German workers recruited to fill jobs in Manitoba Construction N2 - Industry desperate to find skilled tradespeople A1 - McNeill, Murray Y1 - 2007/04/26/ JA - Winnipeg Free Press SP - 5 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Opportunité ou Oppression? Un témoignage sur le Programme des aides familiales résidantes IS - Solidarité sans frontières A1 - Solidarity Across Borders,  Y1 - 2007/// JA - Justice et dignité ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Falling through the Cracks : Seasonal Foreign Farm Workers Health and Compensation across Borders IS - 1 A1 - McLaughlin, Janet Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=brantford_hs Y2 - 2014-03-05 JA - The IAVGO Reporting Service VL - 21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rural migrant workers in urban China: living a marginalised life N2 - The rural migrant worker population in China is attracting more and more attention because of its magnitude and potential economic and social impact on Chinese society. While literature abounds in describing the demographic trends and economic impacts of rural to urban migration, very few articles have been written about the psychosocial impacts of migration on the lives of rural migrant workers in urban China. Drawing on the concept of marginalisation, this article describes the nature and characteristics of marginalised living experienced by migrant workers. More importantly, it examines the underlying policy issues contributing to such marginalised living. It is argued that the Hukou system (household registration system), the process of decentralisation and the obscure role of trade unions have contributed to the experience of marginalisation of rural migrant workers in urban cities in China. Implications for policy changes are also discussed. [References: 35] A1 - Wong, D. F. K. A1 - Ying Li, Chiang A1 - Xue Song, He Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2007.00475.x/asset/j.1468-2397.2007.00475.x.pdf?v=1&t=hn3nee4g&s=a8de58afb6d77939e3a6aef008765f2b38f86906 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - International Journal of Social Welfare VL - 16 SP - 32 M2 - 32 SP - 32-40 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vulnerable but feeling safe: HIV risk among male rural-to-urban migrant workers in Chengdu, China IS - 10 N2 - HIV prevalence is increasing in China. The proportion of infection attributable to heterosexual sex in China is also on the rise. The scale of internal migration for work is likely to be one of the factors contributing to these changing patterns, but little is known about HIV-related knowledge, perceptions and risk behaviours of China's migrant workers. This study aimed to investigate HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviours of male rural-to-urban migrant workers in Chengdu and to identify factors associated with risk behaviours. In 2005, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was completed by 163 male construction- and factory-based migrant workers aged 18-35 years. With a mean age of 26 years, just 30% had completed senior middle school and 47% were currently married. Respondents were highly mobile, worked long hours and were relatively poorly paid. As migrants, their access to urban services and benefits was restricted, making it difficult for family members to join them. Knowledge of HIV transmission was generally poor and discriminatory attitudes towards people with HIV were commonplace. Seventy-five percent were sexually experienced, among whom 88% had had sexual relations in the last 12 months. Of these, 30% had had two or more partners and 20% had paid for sex. just 36% had used a condom during the most recent sexual encounter with a sex worker. Around 70% thought it was 'impossible' for them to become infected, yet a significant sub-group were engaging in sexual behaviours that place them at risk of infection with HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Logistic Regression found a significant association between having multiple sexual partners and both education level and marital status. Education was also found to be significantly associated with purchasing sex. Targeted HIV-prevention programs for male migrant workers in Chengdu, especially for those who are single and less educated, are urgently needed. [References: 24] A1 - Li, L. A1 - Morrow, M A1 - Kermode, M Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18071973 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - AIDS Care VL - 19 SP - 1288 M2 - 1288 SP - 1288-1295 ER - TY - THES T1 - Main-d'oeuvre mexicaine sur les terres agricoles québécoises entre mythe et réalité CY - Québec PB - Université Laval N2 - Chaque année, des milliers de Mexicains arrivent au Canada par l’entremise du Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers pour combler la pénurie de main-d’œuvre à laquelle font face les agriculteurs canadiens. Chacun de ces deux acteurs sociaux bénéficie de la participation au programme malgré la critique qui résonne continuellement. Un portrait négatif du programme est dressé localement et internationalement lorsque des supposées conditions de travail abusives frôlant l’esclavage moderne sont dénoncées. Toutefois, cette vision est incomplète; elle néglige le point de vue des agriculteurs canadiens. En pleine crise économique et face à un avenir incertain, ils sont confrontés à des défis propres à l’agriculture maraîchère. Suite aux entrevues réalisées à l’été 2006 dans trois régions du Québec, la Montérégie, Lanaudière et la Capitale-Nationale, des résultats démontrant les liens d’interdépendance entre les travailleurs et les agriculteurs sont présentés. La nature du travail de la ferme est explorée et les résultats remettent en contexte la critique existante du Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers. Every year, under theSeasonal Agricultural Workers Program, Mexicans arrive on Canadian soil to fill the labour shortages with which farmers are faced. As individual social actors in a complex web of interdependence, both the Canadian farmer and the Mexican worker have their reasons for taking advantage of the program in spite of the criticism that surrounds it. The critiques are fueled by an international debate portraying farmers as mistreating, neglecting, and abusing their employees while depicting Mexican workers as victims of the program. However, this depiction is incomplete; it neglects the farmers’ perspective. Amidst a revenue crisis and faced with an uncertain future, producers are confronted by challenges specific to market gardening. Following interviews conducted in the summer of 2006 in three regions of Québec, Montérégie, Lanaudière, and the Québec City area, results demonstrated that interdependence between foreign workers and local producers was present. The nature of farm work is explored and the results attempt to put the existing critiques of the Seasonal Agricultural Worker’s Programme into a new context. A1 - Bronsard, Karen Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://archimede.bibl.ulaval.ca/archimede/fichiers/24927/ch01.html Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - THES T1 - The Changing Face of Farm Labour in British Columbia: The Expreriences of Migrant Quebecois and Mexican Agricultural Workers in the Okanagan Valley N1 - [electronic resource] : CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria N2 - Over the course of the 20th century, the type of farm labour desired by the North American agricultural industry and the strategies used to procure that labour have undergone significant changes. Rather than relying on immigrant or domestic workers, many growers are now choosing to import temporary foreign workers under contract programs such as the Canadian Mexican Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (MSAWP). This thesis discusses the implementation of the MSAWP in British Columbia's Okanagan Valley, a region that has for many years depended upon the labour of migrant Quebecois workers to harvest its crops but has for several years experienced severe agricultural labour shortages. Based on fieldwork which explored the experiences of Mexican and Quebecois migrant farmworkers in the Okanagan. it is suggested that the valley's labour shortage has largely been created by the agricultural industry and government, neither of which have improved the conditions of farmwork to the point where agricultural labour would appeal to Canadian workers, and that the MSAWP's implementation has a number of implications, both positive and negative, for agricultural labourers and farmers in the valley. A1 - Leibel, Geody Cassandra Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://dspace.library.uvic.ca:8080/handle/1828/975 Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - South Korea: "Migrant Workers are also Human Beings" N1 - p. 43: ****: (recommendation to Korean government) Address the lack of labour mobility of migrant workers which is a major reason for human rights violations and also for forcing migrant workers to become undocumented migrant workers. Work permits should not be tied to one single employer, as this is a major cause of human rights violations p. 4: ***: Amnesty International’s research has shown that under the EPS system, migrant workers, in practice, have very limited scope for changing their workplace. This can seriously hamper their ability to lodge complaints about abuses because they fear antagonizing their employers or because they fear losing their jobs and thereby losing their legal status to work in South Korea. There are also reports that employers have seized official documents, including passports and work permits, preventing migrant workers from looking for jobs elsewhere p. 22: ***: Given this ever-present risk of dismissal and deportation, migrant workers often consider they have no choice but to accept poor working conditions and are less likely to seek to exercise fully their rights. IS - ASA/25/007/2006 PB - Amnesty International N2 - p. 21: Under the EPS migrant workers who want to change workplace continue to face severe restrictions. For example, migrant workers can change their jobs no more than three times and only with the permission of the employer. Migrant workers are unable to change jobs because of health problems that prevent them from continuing to do a particular job, or when they have suffered human rights violations in a particular workplace unless it (serious health problems and/or human rights violations) has been officially reported. A recent study showed that the majority of migrant workers interviewed (81.8 per cent) found it difficult to change workplaces under the EPS. In some cases, their situation became even more difficult after they highlighted abuses by their employers which made them want to change jobs. A1 - Amnesty International, International Secretariat,  Y1 - 2006/// UR - https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ASA25/007/2006/en/ Y2 - 2015-11-06 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Building Towers, Cheating Workers Exploitation of Migrant Construction Workers in the United Arab Emirates PB - Human Rights Watch N2 - This report documents alleged exploitation of construction workers by employers in the United Arab Emirates. In particular, the report focuses on migrant workers from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. These report documents abuses which include: • unpaid or extremely low wages • several years of indebtedness to recruitment agencies for fees that UAE law says only employers should pay • the withholding of employees’ passports • hazardous working conditions that result in apparently high rates of death and injury The report makes the following recommendations for the Government of the UAE: • establish an independent commission to investigate and publicly report on the situation of migrant workers in the country • prohibit companies from doing business with recruitment agencies, in the UAE and abroad, that charge workers fees for travel, visas, employment contracts, or anything else • aggressively investigate and prosecute employers who violate other provisions of the UAE labour law • provide quantitative and qualitative data on labour disputes, deaths and injuries at construction sites, and government actions to address these issues • increase substantially the number of inspectors responsible for overseeing the private sector’s treatment of migrant construction workers • take immediate action to inform and educate migrant construction workers arriving for employment in the UAE of their rights under UAE law • abide by the obligation under the UAE labour law of 1980 to implement a minimum wage • allow for the establishment of genuine and independent human rights and workers’ rights organisations • ratify international labour conventions The report also makes recommendations for the governments of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka as well as recommendations regarding free trade agreements with the United States, Australia and the European Union Y1 - 2006/11/04/ KW - Exploitation KW - Construction Workers UR - http://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/uae1106/uae1106web.pdf Y2 - 2013-04-04 VL - 18 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - La hacienda de Champlain A1 - Moisan, Évelyne Y1 - 2006/07/12/ JA - Le Nouvelliste SP - 2 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Justice for Migrant Farm Workers: Reflections on the Importance of Community Organising A1 - Justicia for Migrant Workers,  A1 - Encalada Grez, Evelyn Y1 - 2006/// KW - migrant workers KW - Association KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Union KW - Working conditions KW - health KW - living conditions KW - rights KW - dangerous tasks UR - http://www.socialistproject.ca/relay/relay12.pdf Y2 - 2014-04-07 JA - Relay VL - 12 SP - 23 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land, ethnic, and gender change: Transnational migration and its effects on Guatemalan lives and landscapes N2 - Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, this article analyses how migrants and their remittances effect gender relations, ethnicity, land use, and land distribution. Evidence is drawn from research in four communities. San Pedro Pinula and Gualan represent communities of eastern Guatemala. San Cristobal Totonicapan is an Indigenous town in Guatemala's western highlands, and San Lucas is a lowland frontier community in the Guatemalan department of Ixcan, which borders Chiapas, Mexico. The results suggest that migrants and their financial and social remittances result in significant changes in land use and land distribution in Ixcan. Migrant money permits the conversion of rainforest into cattle pasture and also results in the accumulation of land in the hands of migrants. In terms of land use, we see in San Pedro Pinula that migrant money also allows the Pokoman Maya to make small entries into the Ladino (non-indigenous) dominated cattle business. In San Pedro Pinula, the migration and return of Maya residents also permits them to slowly challenge ethnic roles. Also in Gualan and San Cristobal migration and social remittances permit a gradual challenge and erosion of traditional gender roles. However, migration-related changes in traditional gender and ethnic roles is only gradual because migrants, despite their increased earnings and awareness, are confronted with a social structure that resists rapid change. Despite the advantages that migration brings to many families, especially in the face of a faltering national economy and state inactivity regarding national development, the analysis suggests that migration and remittances have not resulted in community or nation-wide development. A1 - Taylor, Matthew Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://www.ssrc.org/publications/view/E625C1F4-8650-DE11-AFAC-001CC477EC70/ Y2 - 2011-08-04 JA - Geoforum VL - 37 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A cohort study of injuries in migrant farm worker families in south Texas IS - 4 N2 - PURPOSE: This cohort Study estimated the frequency of and risk factors for work injuries among migrant farmworker families over a two-year period. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 267 families. Bilingual interviewers asked mothers to respond for their family soliciting demographic, psychosocial, employment, and work-related injury information. Cox regression was used to examine risk factors for first injury events. RESULTS: Of the 267 families, nearly 60% migrated and 96% of these completed the follow-up interviews. These families represented about 3 10 individuals each year who had participated in farmwork on average 6 days a week, 10 hours a day, for 2.7 months in the past year. Twenty-five work-related injuries were reported with an overall rate of 12.5/100 FTE (95% C.I., 8.6-19.0). Working fora contractor increased the hazard ratio, and use of car seat belts and working for more than one employer during the season decreased it. CONCLUSIONS: If person-time at risk for injuries is taken into account the reported injuries are substantial. Because the injuries were quite diverse, specific interventions may have to focus on improved working conditions (physical and economic), ergonomic modifications, and enhanced enforcement of existing regulations. [References: 46] A1 - Cooper, S. P. A1 - Burau, K.E. A1 - Frankowski, R. Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994097 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Annals of Epidemiology VL - 16 SP - 313 M2 - 313 SP - 313-320 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Indian migrant workers in Oman speak to the WSWS: “Unemployment and rising living costs forced us to seek jobs in the Gulf” PB - World Socialist Web Site Y1 - 2005/10/25/ KW - India KW - working condition KW - wage KW - hourly work UR - http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2005/10/oman-o28.html Y2 - 2013-03-21 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - De Kaboul à Saint-Michel-des-Saints A1 - Paquin-Boutin, Marie-Pierre Y1 - 2005/08/19/ JA - La Presse SP - 2 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Cueilleurs de petits fruits : les nouvelles normes en question A1 - Touzin, Caroline Y1 - 2005/07/15/ JA - LA Presse SP - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Job Security in Understanding the Relationship Between Employees' Perceptions of Temporary Workers and Employees' Performance. IS - 2 N2 - On the basis of psychological contract and social cognition theories, the authors explored the role of full-time employees' perceived job security in explaining their reactions to the use of temporary workers by using a sample of 149 full-time employees who worked with temporaries. As hypothesized, employees' perceived job security negatively related to their perceptions that temporaries pose a threat to their jobs, but it did not relate to their perceptions that temporaries are beneficial. Furthermore, employees' job security moderated the relationships between benefit and threat perceptions and supervisor ratings of job performance. For those with high job security, there was a positive relationship between benefit perceptions and performance. For those with low job security, there was a negative relationship between threat perceptions and performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) A1 - Kraimer, Maria A1 - Wayne , Sandy A1 - Liden, Robert Y1 - 2005/// UR - http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/apl/90/2/389/ Y2 - 2014-04-21 JA - Journal of Applied Psychology VL - 90 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Un agriculteur condamné pour discrimination raciale A1 - La Presse Canadienne,  Y1 - 2005/04/19/ JA - La Voix de l'Est SP - 26 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Programme des travailleurs agricole saisonniers étrangers au Canada. Bilan (provisoire au 31 octobre) saison 2005 Région de Québec PB - Service Canada A1 - Service Canada,  A1 - Lauzon, Mario Y1 - 2005/// ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Protecting Overseas Workers Research Findings and Strategic Perspectives on Labor Protections for Foreign Contract Workers in Asia and the Middle East A1 - Verite,  Y1 - 2005/// UR - http://www.verite.org/sites/default/files/images/Protecting%20Overseas%20Workers.pdf Y2 - 2016-03-10 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - The Exploitation of Migrant Workers In Canada A1 - Kuro5hin,  Y1 - 2005/01/13/ UR - http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2005/1/13/114947/716 Y2 - 2014-03-28 JA - Kuro5hin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Labor Migration, Remittances and Household Income: A Comparison between Filipino and Filipina Overseas Workers IS - 1 N2 - The major purpose of the research is to examine gender differences in patterns of labor market activity, economic behavior & economic outcomes among labor migrants. While focusing on Filipina & Filipino overseas workers, the article addresses the following questions: whether & to what extent earnings & remittances of overseas workers differ by gender; & whether & to what extent the gender of overseas workers differentially affects household income in the Philippines. Data for the analysis were obtained from the Survey of Households & Children of Overseas Workers (a representative sample of households drawn in 1999-2000 from four major "labor sending" areas in the Philippines). The analysis focuses on 1,128 households with overseas workers. The findings reveal that men & women are likely to take different jobs & to migrate to different destinations. The analysis also reveals that many more women were unemployed prior to migration & that the earnings of women are, on average, lower than those of men, even after controlling for variations in occupational distributions, country of destination, & sociodemographic attributes. Contrary to popular belief, men send more money back home than do women, even when taking into consideration earnings differentials between the genders. Further analysis demonstrates that income of households with men working overseas is significantly higher than income of households with women working overseas & that this difference can be fully attributed to the earnings disparities & to differences in amount of remittances sent home by overseas workers. The results suggest that gender inequality in the global economy has significant consequences for economic inequality among households in the local economy. The findings & their meaning are evaluated & discussed in light of the household theory of labor migration. 5 Tables, 52 References. Adapted from the source document. A1 - Semyonov, Moshe A1 - Gorodzeisky, Anastasia Y1 - 2005/// UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00255.x/abstract Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - International Migration Review VL - 39 SP - 45 M2 - 45 SP - 45-68 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbal remedies used by selected migrant farmworkers in El Paso, Texas IS - 2 N2 - Context: Little is known about the use of complementary and alternative medicine among the approximately 1.6 million migrant farmworkers in the United States. Purpose: To evaluate the use of medicinal plants and natural remedies among a convenience sample of 100 migrant farmworkers living temporarily in a migrant worker center in El Paso, Texas. Methods: A structured interview instrument was designed to elicit information about reasons for medicinal herb use, form in which herbs were ingested, serious side effects experienced, location of purchase, effectiveness of treatment, and use of allopathic medications. Findings: The majority of workers used herbal remedies or other natural products because they believed them to be more effective than pharmaceuticals and because of tradition. Most learned about herbal remedies from a relative, primarily from their mother, and the majority who used herbal remedies believed them to be very helpful in treating specific illnesses. No adverse reactions to any herbal remedy were reported. The majority of participants did not inform their physician about their use of herbal remedies. According to the literature, potential adverse interactions between herbal remedies used and allopathic medications included gastrointestinal irritation, renal toxicity, and hypoglycemia. Conclusions: Health care providers must be knowledgeable about the use of herbal remedies among migrant farmworkers. By showing an understanding of and sensitivity to the use of these remedies, health care providers will be able to conduct more comprehensive health assessments of migrant workers and their families and provide them with more culturally competent care. [References: 24] A1 - Poss, J. Y1 - 2005/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15859058 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Journal of Rural Health VL - 21 SP - 187 M2 - 187 SP - 187-191 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guerrilla workfare: Migrant renovators, state power, and informal work in urban China N2 - The article explores Chinese rural migrants' perspective on work and their relations with each other and with the Chinese state, by drawing upon the ethnographical study of a group of rural home renovators in Beijing in the 1990s. The rural renovators were dubbed "guerrilla" workers because of their physical mobility, irregular employment, and unregistered status. After considering the novelty of guerrilla workfare in China, the article demonstrates the bifurcation of migrants' social networks along the lines of work and everyday association, locates the politics of worker-state interaction at the place of their everyday living, and explores their understanding of work that is remarkably devoid of nostalgia for state socialism. [References: 57] A1 - Guang, L. Y1 - 2005/// UR - http://pas.sagepub.com/content/33/3/481.short Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Politics & Society VL - 33 SP - 481 M2 - 481 SP - 481-506 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Harvesting Seeds of Justice: The Plight of Migrant Farm Workers in Ontario A1 - Encalada Grez, Evelyn Y1 - 2005/// UR - http://www.yorku.ca/weimag/BACKISSUES/2000.html Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Women and Environments International Magazine VL - 68/69 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caring about Care Workers: Organizing in the Female Shadow of Globalization IS - 1-2 N2 - Despite being rendered invisible by contemporary mainstream accounts of globalization, & historically, by the mainstream labour movement, reproductive care workers in the female shadow of globalization are claiming visibility through a groundswell of global organizing. In an analysis of the contemporary organizing efforts of migrant domestic workers, the article argues that the recent proliferation of care worker organizing is characterized by a bifurcated structure of representation in which an association model that involves primarily non-union-based labour organizing competes with a union model that seeks to overcome organized labour's historical failure to represent the sector. In this bipolar landscape of migrant domestic worker organizing, the article suggests that effective worker-controlled representation is not always achieved by the mere fact of organization, & that the union-based labour movement would benefit from recognition of the significance of gendered care work under globalization. References. Adapted from the source document. A1 - Ally, Shireen Y1 - 2005/// KW - Union KW - labor UR - http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/21736201/caring-about-care-workers-organizing-female-shadow-globalization Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - LABOUR Capital and Society/TRAVAIL Capital et Societe VL - 38 SP - 184 M2 - 184 SP - 184 et s ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender transformative odysseys: Tracing the experiences of transnational migrant women in rural Canada N2 - The SAWP operates in nine Canadian provinces, but over 80 per cent of workers are concentrated in Ontario. Although the SAWP is carried out under the federal Immigration Refugee and Protection Act and Regulations and implemented within bilateral frameworks of agreement between Canada and the labour source countries,4 it is governed by provincial statutes with regard to employment standards, labour and health (Verma). Since it is illegal in the province of Ontario for agricultural workers to unionize, the vast majority of Canada's SAWP workers are thus unable to seek the support of labour leaders to represent them before their employers. They are able, however, to contact home country designates, but worker assessments of their representatives have been less than favourable, if not damning (Basok; Binford; [Kerry Preibisch] 2000, 2003; [Verduzco Igartua]). While this may suggest incompetence, labour supply countries are limited in their capacity to represent workers' interests by the very structure of the SAWP that allows employers to choose, on an annual basis, the countries that will supply them with labour, a privilege that disempowers the participating labour-exporting states and leads to heavy competition between them to deliver productive, disciplined workers (Preibisch 2004). Within the current global economy, remittances represent an integral source of foreign exchange for all labour supply countries in the SAWP. Further, women cited that the key difference in men's and women's experience was that migrant men leave their children in the care of their wives, while women must leave their children with their mothers, female kin, a neighbour, or at times, an older sibling. Leaving their children engendered significant emotional strain for both men and women. An estimated 40 per cent of Mexican workers spend a larger part of the year working in Canada than in their home communities (FARMS). While all workers spoke of the pain of family separation, women's experiences were perhaps more acute considering that to some degree within all classes in Mexico, and especially in low-income groups, motherhood is the assumed primary adult gender role and carries enormous symbolic power (Logan). While for men, engaging in transnational livelihoods means fulfilling their primary gender role as breadwinners, for women it implies deserting theirs, as it has been traditionally defined. One woman felt that she has not been "a 100 per cent mom" to her child. Another stated that "I've always told myself that my first responsibility is my children, and in that sense I feel that I am not fulfilling it because I'm not with them. This depresses me." Community groups and health professionals working with the migrant community reported high rates of mental health issues, particularly among women (Preibisch 2003). While in most rural Mexican communities, women face rigid social barriers to leaving their localities unattended or talking to men other than their husbands, women exercising transnational livelihoods in Canada get on a plane, travel thousands of kilometres, and spend eight months unattended and unsupervised. As mentioned, women's decisions to work in Canada were often met with resistance by their families, including one woman's brothers who accused her of abandoning her children. Mexican men and women's own families are not alone in seeking to control women and their sexuality; employers also actively do so. For example, some employers abuse a provision in the SAWP allowing them to set down "farm rules" outlining care of the property and the use of amenities by including rules that forbid female workers to leave the farm, prohibit visitors of the opposite sex, or establish a curfew. These measures work to reduce non-citizen migrants' social commitments and further discipline the workforce. A1 - Preibisch, Kerry Y1 - 2005/// UR - https://pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/cws/article/viewFile/6071/5259 Y2 - 2011-08-04 JA - Canadian Woman Studies VL - 24 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Negotiating Citizenship: Migrant Women in Canada and the Global System CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto Press N2 - While the designated rights of capital to travel freely across borders have increased under neo-liberal globalization, the citizenship rights of many people, particularly the most vulnerable, have tended to decline. Using Canada as an example of a major recipient state of international migrants, Negotiating Citizenship considers how migrant women workers from two settings in the global South–the West Indies and the Philippines–have attempted to negotiate citizenship across the global citizenship divide. Daiva K. Stasiulis and Abigail B. Bakan challenge traditional liberal and post-national theories of citizenship with a number of approaches: historical documentary analyses, investigation of the political economy of the sending states, interviews with migrant live-in caregivers and nurses, legal analyses of domestic worker case law, and analysis of social movement politics. Negotiating Citizenship demonstrates that the transnational character of migrants' lives–their migration and labour strategies, family households, and political practices–offer important challenges to inequitable and exclusionary aspects of contemporary nation-state citizenship. A1 - Stasiulis, Daiva A1 - Bakan, Abigail B. Y1 - 2005/// UR - http://www.amazon.ca/Negotiating-Citizenship-Migrant-Canada-Global/dp/0802079156 Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - THES T1 - So, what can we do? we are coming here to work, human security and the agricultural worker program CY - Ottawa PB - Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, N2 - This thesis explored how the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program Impacts the various dimensions of "human security" of the life of Mexicans in Canada and in the community of Las Nubes in Mexico. Special attention is given to describing the perceptions of the Mexicans regarding the possibilities of whether they are able to transfer the technology that they learned in Canada to their communities of origin and to assess if the participation of Mexicans in the SWAP either promote, hinder or is irrelevant to development in Las Nubes. A1 - Rocha Mier, Alejandra Leticia Y1 - 2005/// UR - http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol2/001/mr01852.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Conditions Tough for Canada's Migrant Workers Y1 - 2004/10/11/ UR - http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/conditions-tough-for-canadas-migrant-workers/ Y2 - 2014-04-03 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Les parias du travail saisonnier N2 - Mexico P.Q. Les frontières de la misère A1 - Touzin, Caroline Y1 - 2004/10/02/ JA - La Presse SP - 3 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Mexico P.Q. Les frontières de la misère. Sensibiliser les employeurs A1 - Touzin, Caroline Y1 - 2004/10/02/ JA - La Presse SP - 2 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - «Qu'on nous traite avec dignité» Victimes d'abus, deux Mexicains témoignent de leur conditions de travail A1 - Cauchy, Claireandrée Y1 - 2004/09/16/ JA - Le Devoir SP - 4 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - "Bad Dreams:" Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia IS - E1605 PB - Human Rights Watch N2 - "It was like a bad dream" is the way one migrant worker from the Philippines summed up his experiences in Saudi Arabia. Another worker, from Bangladesh, told us: "I slept many nights beside the road and spent many days without food. It was a painful life. I could not explain that life." A woman in a village in India, whose son was beheaded following a secret trial, could only say this: "We have no more tears, our tears have all dried up." She deferred to her husband to provide the account of their son's imprisonment and execution in Jeddah. It is undeniable that many foreigners employed in the kingdom, in jobs from the most menial to the highest skilled, have returned home with no complaints. But for the women and men who were subjected to abysmal and exploitative working conditions, sexual violence, and human rights abuses in the criminal justice system, Saudi Arabia represented a personal nightmare. In 1962, then-King Faisal abolished slavery in Saudi Arabia by royal decree. Over forty years later, migrant workers in the purportedly modern society that the kingdom has become continue to suffer extreme forms of labor exploitation that sometimes rise to slavery-like conditions. Their lives are further complicated by deeply rooted gender, religious, and racial discrimination. This provides the foundation for prejudicial public policy and government regulations, shameful practices of private employers, and unfair legal proceedings that yield judicial sentences of the death penalty. The overwhelming majority of the men and women who face these realities in Saudi Arabia are low-paid workers from Asia, Africa, and countries in the Middle East. This report gives voice to some of their stories. It is based on information gathered from migrant workers and their families in mud brick houses off dirt roads in tropical agricultural areas of southwest India, in apartments in densely packed neighborhoods of metropolitan Manila, and in simple dwellings in rural villages of Bangladesh. The victims include skilled and unskilled workers; Muslims, Hindus, and Christians; young adults traveling outside their home countries for the first time; and married men, and single and divorced women, with children to support. In Saudi Arabia, these workers delivered dairy products, cleaned government hospitals, repaired water pipes, collected garbage, and poured concrete. Some of them baked bread and worked in restaurants; others were butchers, barbers, carpenters, and plumbers. Women migrants cleaned, cooked, cared for children, worked in beauty salons, and sewed custom-made dresses and gowns. Unemployed or underemployed in their countries of origin, and often impoverished, these men and women sought only the opportunity to earn wages and thus improve the economic situation for themselves and their families. This report is the first comprehensive examination of the variety of human rights abuses that foreign workers experience in Saudi Arabia. The voices of these migrants provide a window into a country whose hereditary, unelected rulers continue to choose secrecy over transparency at the expense of justice. The stories in this report illustrate why so many migrant workers, including Muslims, return to their home countries deeply aggrieved by the lack of equality and due process of law in the kingdom. In an important sense, this report is an indictment of unscrupulous private employers and sponsors as well as Saudi authorities, including interior ministry interrogators and shari'a court judges, who operate without respect for the rule of law and the inherent dignity of all men and women, irrespective of gender, race, and religion. Some of the most frightening and troubling findings of the report concern mistreatment of women migrant workers, both in the workplace and in Saudi prisons. The report also provides an intimate view of the workings of Saudi Arabia's criminal justice system, through the eyes of migrant workers with first-hand experience of its significant flaws. And it is the families and friends of migrants who were beheaded, pursuant to judicial rulings, who describe how Saudi authorities kept them and consular officials in the dark until well after the executions were carried out. The mortal remains of these victims were not returned to their families, who until now have no information about what happened to the bodies. Labor Exploitation Each chapter of this report includes testimonies from migrant workers who entered the kingdom legally, in full compliance with Saudi government regulations. Many of them paid hefty sums of money to manpower recruitment agencies in their home countries to secure legal employment visas, often assuming substantial debt or selling property to finance the cost. Once in the kingdom, they found themselves at the mercy of legal sponsors and de facto employers who had the power to impose oppressive working conditions on them, with effective government oversight clearly lacking. Unaware of their rights, or afraid to complain for fear of losing their jobs, the majority of these workers simply endured gross labor exploitation. To cite only a few examples, we interviewed migrant workers from Bangladesh who were forced to work ten to twelve hours a day, and sometimes throughout the night without overtime pay, repairing underground water pipes for the municipality of Tabuk. They were not paid salaries for the first two months and had to borrow money from compatriots to purchase food. An Indian migrant said that he was was paid $133 a month for working an average of sixteen hours daily in Ha'il. A migrant from the Philippines said that he worked sixteen to eighteen hours a day at a restaurant in Hofuf, leaving him so exhausted that, he told us, he "felt mentally retarded." The employer of a migrant from Bangladesh, who worked as a butcher in Dammam, forced him to leave the kingdom with six months of his salary unpaid. Women Migrant Workers Some women workers that we interviewed were still traumatized from rape and sexual abuse at the hands of Saudi male employers, and could not narrate their accounts without anger or tears. Accustomed to unrestricted freedom of movement in their home countries, these and other women described to us locked doors and gates in Riyadh, Jeddah, Medina, and Dammam that kept them virtual prisoners in workshops, private homes, and the dormitory-style housing that labor subcontracting companies provided to them. Living in forced confinement and extreme isolation made it difficult or impossible for these women to call for help, escape situations of exploitation and abuse, and seek legal redress. We learned that hundreds of low-paid Asian women who cleaned hospitals in Jeddah worked twelve-hour days, without food or a break, and were confined to locked dormitories during their time off. Skilled seamstresses from the Philippines told us that they were not permitted to leave the women's dress shop in Medina where they worked twelve-hour days, and were forbidden to speak more than a few words to customers and the Saudi owners. Many women employed as domestic workers in cities throughout the kingdom reported that they worked twelve hours or more daily. Most of them also lived in around-the-clock confinement, at the decision of their private employers, cut off from the outside world. One woman from the Philippines, whose employers in Dammamdid not provide her with sufficient food, described how she enlisted help from the family's Indian driver, to whom she was forbidden to speak. She told us that she wrote lists of what she needed and threw them out the window to the driver. He made the purchases, and "delivered" them to her by tossing the packages onto the roof of the house, where she retrieved them. Another Filipina, who also worked for a family in Dammam, said that she constantly watched the locked front gate of the house, waiting for an opportunity to escape after her male employer raped her in June 2003. Human Rights Abuses in the Criminal Justice System Some migrant workers experienced shocking treatment in Saudi Arabia's criminal justice system. For those migrants who were executed following unfair trials that lacked any form of transparency, it was their still-grieving families who provided us with pertinent information. In many cases, the condemned men did not know that they had been sentenced to death, and their embassies were only informed after the fact. "No advance information is given to us before beheading of Indians," an Indian diplomat said in a television interview in 2003. "We generally get the information after the execution from local newspapers." In cases of execution documented in this report, the bodies were not returned to the families, and relatives told Human Rights Watch that they received no official information about the location in Saudi Arabia of the mortal remains. An undetermined number of foreigners have been sentenced to death in the kingdom and are now awaiting execution. Details of their trials, and the evidence presented to convict them, are treated as closely held state secrets. Saudi Arabia continues to flaunt its treaty obligations under international and domestic law. Consular officials have not been notified promptly of the arrests of their nationals. Criminal suspects are not informed of their rights under the law. Interrogators from the ministry of interior torture suspects with impunity, behind the curtain of prolonged incommunicado detention, in the quest for confessions whose veracity is tenuous at best. Migrant workers told Human Rights Watch of how they were forced to sign confession statements that they could not read, under the threat of additional torture. A twenty-three-year-old Indian tailor described two days of beatings in police custody. On the third day, his interrogators gave him two pages handwritten in Arabic and instructed him to sign his name three times on each page. "I was so afraid that I did not dare ask what the papers were, or what was written on them," he said. Migrants' accounts of their trials before shari'a courts provide evidence of a legal system that is out of sync with internationally accepted norms of due process. No one we interviewed had access to legal assistance before their trials, and no legal representation when they appeared in the courtroom. One Indian migrant worker told us about a judge who repeatedly called him a liar when he answered questions during his trial. A worker from the Philippines, who was imprisoned for five years before he was brought before a court for the first time, described how a judge sentenced him to 350 lashes because his interrogators had extracted a false confession. The judge justified this corporal punishment because the coerced confession, obtained under threats and torture, was untrue. Interviews with women migrants in the women's prison in Riyadh indicated that most of them had not been informed of their rights, had no understanding of the legal basis for their arrest or the status of their cases, and had no access to lawyers or other forms of legal assistance. The Need for Government Action The stories narrated in this report underscore the pressing need for the government of Saudi Arabia to recognize that its laws and regulations facilitate the exploitation and abuse of vulnerable migrant workers, and reform its laws and practices accordingly. Some major recommendations are highlighted below, and a full range of recommendations, to Saudi government officials and actors in the international community, is presented in Chapter IX. One of the most tragic aspects of the situation is that many migrants silently accept the exploitation and deprivation of their rights because they view themselves as powerless and without effective remedy. These workers arrive in Saudi Arabia ignorant or only vaguely informed about the rights they have under existing Saudi law and the actions they can take when inequities and mistreatment occur. This is a problem that their own governments could address, in part, by way of substantive and effective education before these workers depart for the kingdom. But the government of Saudi Arabia has the primary responsibility to promote and protect the rights of the country's large migrant worker population in a much more aggressive and public manner, consistent with its obligations under international law. Authorities should provide a clear enumeration of the specific rights that migrant workers are entitled to enjoy under the kingdom's laws and regulations. They should spell out the specific legal duties of sponsors and employers, provide a comprehensive list of practices that are illegal, and offer detailed instructions about how and where migrant workers can report abuses. This information should be practical, not theoretical. It should draw on specific abuses that migrants are most likely to face, such as those described in this report, and provide authoritative comments and advice. The information should be translated into the languages of the countries of origin of migrant workers, and provided to every worker on his or her arrival in the kingdom as a routine matter of immigration practice. The government should also identify additional means to communicate this information to migrant communities throughout the kingdom as a further demonstration of its commitment to greater protection of their rights. Saudi authorities must also recognize that many migrant workers are simply too afraid to report abusive treatment for fear of alienating sponsors or de facto employers, inviting retaliatory punishment, and losing their jobs. Government officials must take steps to communicate directly with migrant workers in the kingdom – using all available means, including broadcast as well as print media – to provide assurances that no one will be rendered jobless and summarily deported for complaining about illegal practices and abusive working conditions. The Saudi government says that it plans to reduce the number of foreign workers by 50 percent over the next decade.1 This objective does not lessen the urgent need for the state to remedy the exploitation of migrant workers who are now in the kingdom and to end discriminatory practices that severely circumscribe their rights under Saudi law. Even if the government's planned downsizing is achieved within ten years, the kingdom will still be required under domestic and international law to protect the rights of those migrant workers who remain. If Saudi authorities do not take serious steps to address the patterns of abuse of migrant workers, the issue will continue to be a subject of investigation and scrutiny, on the agendas of international human rights organizations, nongovernmental migrant rights groups in countries of origin, and coalitions of women's rights and human rights organizations in the Muslim world and elsewhere. There is public sentiment in the kingdom, and elsewhere in the Gulf region, sympathetic to the plight of migrant workers. No less than the kingdom's highest Muslim religious authority, Grand Mufti Sheikh Abdul Aziz Al Sheikh, has already acknowledged that migrants suffer "exploitation and oppression."2 His comments, published in 2002 in the Saudi daily al-Madinah, included the observation that "Islam does not permit oppressing workers, regardless of religion ... .As we ask them to perform their duty, we must fulfill our duty and comply with the terms of the contract." The Grand Mufti criticized intimidation of migrant workers, and said that it was "illegal and a form of dishonesty" to withhold their salaries or delay payment of wages under threat of deportation. He counseled that Islam prohibits "blackmailing and threatening [foreign] laborers with deportation if they refuse the employers' terms which breach the contract." Another example comes from the neighboring island nation of Bahrain, where the Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR), a nongovernmental organization, is campaigning for greater protection of women domestic workers. A BCHR official in 2003 described these women as "the most abused of the workforce," and charged that the government was not doing enough "to break the chain of exploitation that binds them." The group urged civil society organizations in Bahrain, including women's rights groups, to take up the issue.3 Methodology The testimonies in this report were obtained from interviews with migrant workers in Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines who had returned from Saudi Arabia, some of them as recently as December 2003. Human Rights Watch was forced to research this subject from outside Saudi Arabia because, as of this writing, the kingdom remains closed to investigators from international human rights organizations. We selected Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines for field research for several reasons. First, the migrant workers from these three countries are among the largest expatriate communities in Saudi Arabia. In 2003, the Saudi government estimated that there were one million to 1.5 million Indians in the kingdom and the same number of Bangladeshis. The Philippines government reported in the same year that over 900,000 of its citizens lived and worked in the kingdom. Second, these countries provided the diversity that we sought among interviewees: the workers whose accounts appear in this report include Muslims from Bangladesh, Hindus and Muslims from India, and Christians and Muslims from the Philippines. We found migrants from Bangladesh the least educated; they typically were unskilled younger men from rural villages whose salaries in Saudi Arabia were the lowest we recorded. We interviewed Indian migrants in cities, towns, and rural agricultural villages of Kerala, the small southwestern state of about 33 million people located on India's Malabar coast between the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea. The Keralite migrants generally had more schooling than their Bangladeshi counterparts and worked in a broader range of skilled and unskilled jobs. Migrants from the Philippines had the highest education levels, including women with some college education who earned $200 a month as domestic workers in the kingdom. Most of the Filipino male migrants whom we interviewed were skilled workers, ranging from mechanics to engineers, who commanded the highest comparative salaries. Despite this diverse mix of migrant workers, we documented surprisingly similar problems that cut across gender, ethnic, religious, and socioeconomic lines, including a pattern of human rights abuse in the kingdom's criminal justice system. The subjects covered in this report make clear that comprehensive documentation of the conditions facing migrant workers in Saudi Arabia would be best served by conducting the research in the kingdom. In addition to the value of being able to speak directly with officials, sponsors, and employers, such research would allow us to meet with some of the thousands of migrant men and women in the kingdom's prisons and deportation centers whose stories need to be heard and told. An undetermined number of migrant workers have been sentenced to death and are awaiting execution. Independent human rights investigators should be permitted to talk to them about their interrogations and trials. There are also over thirty government labor offices throughout the kingdom where some workers file complaints against abusive employers, as well as "safe houses" where abused migrants are sheltered. In this report, we have changed the names of the migrant workers whom we interviewed, based on concern for their safety, should they decide to return to Saudi Arabia, and for the security of their relatives who were working in the kingdom at the time we conducted our interviews. The full names of these men and women are on file at Human Rights Watch. The only exception to this rule is cases of migrant workers who were executed or who have been sentenced to death. In such cases, their real names are provided. *** As of this writing, discussions were ongoing between Human Rights Watch and the Saudi government about access to the kingdom for the purpose of human rights research. We had access as an organization only once, in January 2003. During this visit, which was limited to two weeks, our representatives met in Riyadh with numerous senior government officials as well as Saudi lawyers, journalists, academics, other professionals, and members of the 120-member consultative council (majlis al-shura). But the terms of reference for this visit did not include field research. Without such access, Saudi Arabia remains on our list of closed countries for the purpose of human rights research. The alternative methodology used to prepare this report should indicate to the Saudi government that – despite the additional time and expense – Human Rights Watch is prepared to document human rights abuses, even if access to the kingdom is denied. Our strong preference, however, is to work in a more open and direct manner, with the active cooperation of the government. We hope that senior Saudi officials will see the merits of this approach and open the kingdom's doors to researchers from Human Rights Watch and other international human rights groups. Key Recommendations The most recent information from Saudi Arabia's ministry of labor indicates that expatriates in the kingdom total 8.8 million men and women, a significant number, given that the indigenous population is an estimated 18 million (see Chapter I). This report provides extensive documentation of the varieties of labor exploitation and human rights abuses that foreign workers face in the kingdom. The significant size of Saudi Arabia's expatriate population, and the serious nature of the problems that they often encounter, necessitate bold and innovative remedial actions from the government. The detailed recommendations of Human Rights Watch – to the government of Saudi Arabia, its various ministries, and other concerned international and regional parties – are presented in Chapter IX of the report. Among our key recommendations to the government of Saudi Arabia are the following: (1) Initiate an independent, thorough, and public national inquiry into the situation of migrant workers in the kingdom. Saudi authorities have never comprehensively and publicly assessed the realities that many migrant workers in the kingdom face. As a result, there is limited official and public awareness of the nature and scope of the problem. Accordingly, Human Rights Watch urges that His Royal Highness Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, First Deputy Prime Minister and Commander of the National Guard, should appoint an independent and impartial Royal Commission to investigate and report on the serious problems and abuses that migrant women and men in the kingdom face on a daily basis. As part of the commission's mandate, it should hold public hearings in all major cities throughout the kingdom. Migrant workers, and their families and advocates, should be invited to give testimony at these hearings, as should regional and international nongovernmental organizations with expertise on migrant workers issues and rights. The commission should be required by law to complete its inquiry within a defined period of time, and make its findings and recommendations public. (2) Take immediate action to inform all migrant workers in the kingdom of their rights under Saudi and international law. This report makes clear that large numbers of migrant workers are unaware of the rights that they have under existing law. Because such workers typically face language barriers and live in the kingdom for only a few years at a time, more concerted government efforts are necessary to inform them of their rights. Accordingly, we call on the government to promulgate by royal decree an enforceable "bill of rights" for migrant workers. It should be publicized widely in the kingdom, using print and broadcast media and other means of public outreach. The decree should be issued simultaneously in Arabic and all the languages of the countries of origin of the major migrant worker communities in the kingdom. This "bill of rights" should delineate, in a comprehensive and comprehensible manner, all the rights that are granted to migrant workers under the kingdom's laws and regulations. It should serve as a practical educational tool for workers and employers alike, and clarify legal and other ambiguities that lead to abusive treatment. (3) Impose significant penalties on Saudi employers and sponsors who exploit migrant workers and place them at risk. Pursuant to Saudi Arabia's international legal obligations, the use of forced or compulsory labor should be a specifically defined criminal offense under domestic law. In addition, substantial penalties should be imposed on employers who withhold the passports and residency permits of migrant workers, and those who charge illegal fees for official immigration documents. (4) Make domestic labor-law protections inclusive. One shortcoming that Saudi authorities should address urgently is the absence of legal protections for women and men employed in domestic service and agricultural work in the kingdom. Such individuals are excluded even from the flawed and limited labor protections currently in force under Saudi law. The protections of the kingdom's labor law should extend to all migrant workers, irrespective of their gender and job descriptions, however menial such jobs may be considered. (5) End the forced confinement of women migrant workers. The executive branch of government and consultative council (majlis al-shoura) should take immediate legislative steps to ensure that no migrant woman worker is held against her will at places of private or public employment and residence. Regulations to this effect should be promulgated as an urgent matter, and widely publicized to the Saudi public, using all print, broadcast, and other media. These regulations should impose substantial penalties on employers who continue the practice, and provide fair and equal compensation to the victims, commensurate with the length and severity of their confinement. (6) End the imprisonment of women and children for "illegal" pregnancies. End as an urgent matter the arrest and imprisonment of migrant and Saudi women and children who become pregnant voluntarily or because they were victims of sexual violence. Women and children currently in prison should be immediately released, and provided with social and other supportive services as required. (7) Address as an urgent matter the serious flaws in the kingdom's criminal justice system. The arrest and detention practices of the ministry of interior should be brought into immediate conformity withprovisions of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. Anyone arrested as a criminal suspect in the kingdom should be informed of his or her rights under the kingdom's laws, including those set forth and guaranteed in the new criminal procedure code. This information should be provided orally and in writing, in languages that all suspects can understand. Effective judicial oversight of interior ministry personnel is urgently needed. Authorities should take immediate steps to ensure judicial supervision of the investigation of all criminal suspects, for the purpose of ending such practices as abusive interrogations, torture, and coerced confessions. Authorities should also make public detailed information about all persons, Saudi citizens and foreigners alike, who have been sentenced to death in the kingdom and are awaiting execution. The implementation of all death sentences should be suspended until it can be determined independently that the defendants were not tortured and their confessions were not coerced. A1 - Human Rights Watch,  Y1 - 2004/07/14/ KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Saudi Arabia KW - Exploitation UR - http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,HRW,,SAU,412ef32a4,0.html Y2 - 2013-03-28 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Les travailleurs agricoles mexicains au Canada N2 - L'industrie agricole canadienne est complètement dépendante du labeur d'une main d'oeuvre qui provient de pays pauvres. Afin de pouvoir continuer de produire des quantités importantes de fruits et de légumes, le Canada fait venir des travailleurEs agricoles temporaires grâce au Programme agraire saisonnier des travailleurs mexicains. Les travailleurs étrangers sont souvent pauvres et ont vraiment besoin de ce travail qui permet de faire vivre leur famille dans leur pays d'origine, mais les conditions de travail laissent souvent à désirer et leurs droits sont parfois violés. A1 - Solidarity Across Borders,  Y1 - 2004/// KW - syndicalisation KW - travailleurs étrangers KW - conditions de travail KW - conditions de vie KW - vulnérabilité KW - dépendance KW - SAWP JA - Solidarité sans frontières SP - 7 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Canadian Migrant Agricultural Workers' Program Research Project - The Caribbean Component PB - North-South Institute A1 - Downes, Andrew A1 - Odle-Worrell, Cyrilene Y1 - 2004/// UR - http://www.nsi-ins.ca/english/pdf/exec_sum_downes.pdf Y2 - 2014-02-20 T3 - Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program as a Model of est Practices in Migrant Worker Participation in the Benefits of Economic Globalization Project ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender and migration policies in Southeast and East Asia: Legal protection and sociocultural empowerment of unskilled migrant women IS - 2 N2 - This paper is concerned with how existing migration policies affect individual migrant women's choices, in particular, with the advancement, or consolidation, of a migrants' rights perspective. The focus is thereby on those migrants classified as unskilled, who constitute the largest and most vulnerable category among migrants. The analysis of migration policies has conventionally been approached from a state/government-centred viewpoint that sees states as the key actors. This paper, however, emphasises a larger number of actors-governmental and non-governmental-as well as the power relations among them to argue that protection through "legal regulation" in the absence of actual implementation is an incomplete solution to alleviate unfair labour conditions that migrants in general, and migrant women specifically, experience. Measures designed to "protect" migrants must be accompanied by measures that empower them, a role that has largely been taken on by existing migrant worker non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Focussing on intra-Asian migration flows in which Southeast Asia is the main labour sender and East Asia the receiver of Southeast Asian migrants, the paper explores the nexus between law and civic activism in the specific subject area of international labour migration and its gender implications. [References: 61] A1 - Piper, N. Y1 - 2004/// UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0129-7619.2004.00183.x/abstract Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography VL - 25 SP - 216 M2 - 216 SP - 216-231 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Searching for wages and mothering from afar: The case of Honduran transnational families N2 - This article draws on data from a 2-year two-country study that included 157 people to explore the survival strategies of poor Honduran transnational families. I argue that transnational families, defined as those divided between two nation-states who have maintained close ties, depend on a cross-border division of labor in which productive labor occurs in the host country and reproductive labor in the home country. This article bridges the literatures on transnationalism and families. The transnationalism literature tends to focus on macro processes, whereas the literature on families assumes proximity. This research helps fill the gap in both literatures, exposing the ways in which processes of economic globalization have radically altered family form and function. A1 - Schmalzbauer, Leah Y1 - 2004/// UR - http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3600342?uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21102608996817 Y2 - 2011-08-04 JA - Journal of Marriage and Family VL - 66 ER - TY - THES T1 - Human rights and migrant domestic work: A comparative analysis of the socio-legal status of Filipina migrant domestic workers in Canada and Hong Kong CY - Canada PB - York University (Canada) N2 - On a general level, this research project concerns ways in which the domestic and international laws relating to the situation of migrant domestic workers (MDWs) are shaped by broader socio-political and economic factors. More specifically, this dissertation examines the human rights situation of Filipina MDWs who participate in Canada's Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP). It attempts to meet these objectives, in part, by undertaking a limited comparison of the situation of these Filipina MDWs and the Filipina MDWs in Hong Kong. The comparison is meant to further test and validate the arguments and proposals presented in this dissertation regarding the socio-legal status of Filipina MDWs under Canada's LCP. This was done through an analysis of existing data on Filipina MDWs, and a consideration of the ways in which the relevant laws and policies in these two jurisdictions affect, create and/or perpetrate the status quo in this area of social life. The main explanatory theoretical framework that is deployed is the Third World Approaches to International Law or the TWAIL theory. Among the findings of this research is that the ill-treatment of Filipina MDWs in Canada and Hong Kong is sanctioned by migrant domestic worker policies designed to fill the need for cheaper alternatives to state-sponsored childcare and home support services. The ill-treatment does not necessarily consist solely of physical or psychological abuse, but is also manifested in the systemic exploitation of MDWs from poor, third world countries. This systemic exploitation of MDWs from poor, third world countries such as the Philippines to richer countries of employment, is best explained by a colonial type of extractive relations, the various implications of which are most effectively analyzed using the TWAIL framework. Thus, the most appropriate remedies to ameliorate the current situation are those which take into careful consideration this extractive relationship and which are geared towards ensuring a more equitable international socio-economic and political scenario among countries of origin and countries of employment in particular and throughout the whole world in general. A1 - Santos, Maria Deanna P. Y1 - 2004/// T2 - Law SP - 260 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Clean Bill of Health: Filipinas as Domestic Workers in Singapore IS - 1 N2 - This paper describes foreign domestic workers' (FDWs) vulnerability in Singapore. Due to the lack of regulatory laws mandating employers to pay health care costs & FDW ineligibility for national plans given their transient contract labor status, FDWs depend on employer generosity to provide for this need. Presently, the state's interest only includes particular aspects of FDW "health." The argument here is that the discourse of perceiving FDWs as sexual "bodies" & transmitters of other infectious diseases is a metaphor for how the state perceives them -- useful to Singapore for economic gains as long as they do not bring on costs. 3 Appendixes, 41 References. Adapted from the source document. A1 - Iyer, Avanti Y1 - 2004/// UR - http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16017342 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Asian and Pacific Migration Journal VL - 13 SP - 11 M2 - 11 SP - 11-38 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Aucun pays n'est à l'abris des pesticides A1 - Côté, Charles Y1 - 2003/11/22/ JA - La Presse SP - 6 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Puerto Vallarta sans la mer N2 - p. B5 A1 - Berthelet, Myriam Y1 - 2003/08/11/ UR - http://www.lapresse.ca/archives/2003.php Y2 - 2014-02-20 JA - La Presse ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Petits fruits : petits salaires A1 - Gagnon, Katia Y1 - 2003/06/08/ JA - La Presse SP - 8 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Les cueilleurs de fruits de toucheront pas le salaire minimum A1 - Normand, Gilles Y1 - 2003/05/17/ JA - La Presse SP - 10 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MAID OR MADAM? Filipina Migrant Workers and the Continuity of Domestic Labor IS - 2 PB - Sage Publications, Inc. N2 - This article examines the complexity of feminized domestic labor in the context of global migration. I view unpaid household labor and paid domestic work not as dichotomous categories but as structural continuities across the public and private spheres. Based on a qualitative study of Filipina migrant domestic workers in Taiwan, I demonstrate how women travel through the maid/madam boundary-- housewives in home countries become breadwinners by doing domestic work overseas, and foreign maids turn into foreign brides. While migrant women sell their domestic labor in the market, they remain burdened with gendered responsibilities in their own families. Their simultaneous occupancy of paid and unpaid domestic labor is segmented into distinct spatial settings. I underscore women's agency by presenting how they articulate their paid and unpaid domestic labor and bargain with the monetary and emotional value of their labor A1 - Lan, Pei-Chia Y1 - 2003/// KW - Domestic Workers KW - Philippine KW - Taiwan UR - http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp Y2 - 2013-04-20 JA - Gender and Society VL - 17 SP - 187 M2 - 187 SP - 187-208 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Human Rights and Citizenship: the Case of Mexican Migrants in Canada PB - Working Papers, Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, UC San Diego N2 - According to several scholars, the emergence of supra-national human rights institutions have caused a fundamental shift from national citizenship (a nation-based notion of rights) to post-national citizenship )a more individual-based universal conception of rights based on an international human rights regime). The notion of "postnational citizenship" has been challenged by many researchers who have argued that universal principles of human rights cannot be implemented and enforced without the consent of nation-states. Although nation-states have demonstrated a certain degree of respect for universal principles, their commitment to the ideas of post-national citizenship are based on a conception of citizenship rooted in membership in a particular bound community. The two notions of citizenship--one linked to inclusive universal rights and the other to membership in an exclusive community--are at times contradictory. Using the case of Mexican migrants working in Canada, this presentation will emphasize the difference between rights as a set of principles and laws on the one hand, and their actual practice and implementation on the other. Basok will argue that whereas legal access to economic rights has been extended to non-citizens residing in the national territory of sovereign nation-states, membership in the national community has often been denied to them, thus precluding them from exercising the rights to which they have been granted legal access. A1 - Basok, Tanya Y1 - 2003/// UR - http://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m1168t3 Y2 - 2011-08-04 JA - Working Paper VL - 72 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Accident mortel d'un aide-mécanicien au Centre maraîcher Eugène Guinois : la CSST dépose son rapport d'enquête PB - CSST A1 - CSST,  Y1 - 2002/04/11/ T3 - Actualistés ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Risky Business: Debt Bondage International Labour Migration from Northern Thailand CY - Bangkok, Thailand N2 - In Northern Thailand, as in other parts of the world, debt bondage unauthorized recruitment offers some potential migrants an opportunity to access what they believe to be lucrative overseas opportunities. Many potential international labour migrants cannot raise enough money to pay for the travel expenses and recruiter's commission at the time of their migration, fees which often amount to the equivalent of several years’ salary for unskilled workers in Thailand. They therefore may arrange to go abroad with a recruiter who pays these expenses up front and then turns them over to an overseas employer who reimburses the recruiter for their travel expenses and pays the recruiter’s commission. The migrant workers are then held in ‘debt bondage’ by the overseas employer, usually for a set number of months or until they have repaid a fixed amount of money which usually includes a very high rate of interest. The focus on the human rights abuses of trafficking and debt bondage labour migration has, in fact, had the significant impact of garnering attention and financial support for prohibiting trafficking (and prostitution) from the Clinton administration as well as the UN and various governments in Southeast Asia, including the Thai government. But, the over-emphasis on recruiters who trick ‘unknowing’ Thai women into taking their chances abroad and on the seemingly inevitable exploitation of such women has had the unfortunate impact of drawing attention away from the structural and gender inequalities within the global capitalist economic system that make overseas labour opportunities in prostitution, domestic work, and the service industry the most attractive employment opportunities available to many poor rural women. It has drawn attention from the structural inequities in the Thai system that have limited and continue to limit access to high quality education and labour markets within Thailand for many young Thai and ethnic minority women (and men) in rural areas. It has drawn attention from the agency of women who, in part because their economic options at home are limited, actively choose to go abroad as debt bondage migrants in order to capitalize on higher paying economic opportunities and hopefully improve their own and often their family’s socioeconomic status.21 And finally, it has drawn attention from the restrictions on authorized labour migration, which, in the context of demand for foreign workers among overseas employers and demand for well-paid positions abroad among potential migrants, raise potential profits from labour recruitment, attracting unauthorized recruiters and organized crime into the business of labour recruiting and trafficking and likely increasing the degree of coercion and exploitation experienced by some male and female labour migrants. In the end, it is likely that the greatest opportunity for halting debt bondage labour recruitment, trafficking, and unauthorized labour migration will involve enacting broader economic, political, social, and legal change within the context of the international labour migration system and the global political economy. In order to move towards such change and towards addressing labour exploitation in all its forms, in my view, we will have to move beyond the narrow human rights focus of much of the literature on Thai international labour migration and trafficking to date. Instead, as I have attempted to do here, we will need to acknowledge and take into account the diversity of experiences of debt bondage migrants and trafficked migrants in different service and sex industries, explore in greater depth the various causes of trafficking and why it is perpetuated in particular settings, and situate the experiences of trafficked workers in the context of other types of labour migration--both authorized and unauthorized--that also frequently involve exploitation to varying degrees. A1 - Sobieszczyk, Teresa Y1 - 2002/// KW - debt KW - bondage KW - sex slaves T2 - IUSSP Regional Population Conference on ‘Southeast Asia’s Population in a Changing Asian Context ER - TY - RPRT T1 - In the shadows: live-in caregivers in Alberta, Changing Together... A1 - Spitzer, D. Y1 - 2002/// UR - http://www.sciencessociales.uottawa.ca/gms-gmh/eng/documents/InTheShadowsReport.pdf Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Home and the World: Domestic Service and International Networks of Caring Labor IS - 2 PB - Taylor & Francis, Ltd N2 - The employment of immigrant domestic worker in a valuable entry point for examining the construction of class and racial-ethnic differences among women in a global economy. It also reveals the complex ways that social reproduction, like production, is shaped by international connections and flows. This article draws on interviews with thirty-two immigrant domestic workers and twenty-nine employers of domestic workers in San Diego to examine the organization of caring labor in the two sets of households. The interview data show that employers of domestic workers rely on paid service workers to supply additional labor, while domestic workers rely on the unpaid labor of family members. Neither group relies primarily on government support, although differences in citizenship status influence the strategies of the two groups. The article draws o the interviews to make two related points. First, it argues that social production has come, in some places, to involve networks that cross international borders. Second, it argues that the interrelated strategies he two group so f women use to access caring labor are informed by and contribute to class and racial-ethnic differences among women and their households, and that citizenship is of particular important in constructing and solidifying these differences. A1 - Mattingly, Doreen J Y1 - 2001/// KW - Domestic Workers KW - immigration KW - net-works KW - San Diego KW - social reproduction KW - working women UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3651266 Y2 - 2013-04-21 JA - Annals of the Association of American Geographers VL - 91 SP - 370 M2 - 370 SP - 370-386 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Caregivers Break the Silence :a participatory action research on the abuse and violence, including the impact of family separation, experienced by women in the live-in caregiver program A1 - Intercede,  Y1 - 2001/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books/about/Caregivers_Break_the_Silence.html?id=spHKHAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y UR - http://www.worldcat.org/title/caregivers-break-the-silence-a-participatory-action-research-on-the-abuse-and-violence-including-the-impact-of-family-separation-experienced-by-women-in-the-live-in-caregiver-program/oclc/048128563 Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Filippino Women's Identity: Social, Cultural and Economic Segregation in Canada CY - University of British Columbia A1 - Dioscon, C. Y1 - 2001/// UR - http://pwc.bc.tripod.com/resources/RaceGen/speech.html Y2 - 2011-05-27 T2 - Towards the Transformation of Race and Gender Conference ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Trafic, travail forcé et servitude des femmes migrantes au Québec/Canada : éléments de diagnostic A1 - Alternatives,  Y1 - 2001/// UR - http://www.imadr.org/old/project/petw/trafficking_canada.html Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Health and Human Rights of Migrants CY - Geneva PB - WHO/International Centre for Migration and Health A1 - Braunschweig, S Y1 - 2001/// UR - http://www.icmhd.ch/WebPDF/2001%20-%20WHO%20-%20Health%20and%20Human%20Rights%20of%20Migrants.pdf Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - St-Dominique : 13 travailleurs blessés N2 - p. 6. A1 - Lemay, Éric-Yvan Y1 - 2000/09/07/ JA - La Voix de l'Est ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Immigrant Workers: Learning to Labour in Canada: Rights and Organizing Strategies PB - Immigrant Workers’ Centre N2 - Researchers: Eric Shragge, (Project Leader) School of Community and Public Affairs, Concordia University Jill Hanley, Ph.D. candidate, Ecole de Service Social, Université de Montréal Steven Jordan, Faculty of Education, McGill University Elizabeth Wood, Faculty of Education, McGill University Research Partner: Immigrant Workers’ Centre, Tess Tessalona, Coordinator, Montreal Videotape Collaboration: Malcolm Guy, Multi Monde, Montreal Research Plan: This research project will begin with the work experience of recent immigrants to Canada, and explore their learning strategies to secure social and labour rights in the workplace. The partner organization is the Immigrant Workers’ Centre (IWC) in Montreal. Located in a multi-cultural neighbourhood, this centre was founded in 2000 in order to work toward supporting immigrant workers in their struggles to gain social and union rights. The underlying belief of the centre is that effective education and organizing work can most effectively take place in the neighbourhood. A1 - Hanley, Jill A1 - Jordan, Steve A1 - Shragge, Eric A1 - Wood, Elizabeth Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://www.wallnetwork.ca/research/Shragge5pager.pdf Y2 - 2014-03-27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive models of domestic violence and fear of intimate partners among migrant and seasonal farm worker women N1 - Van Hightower NR KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA. URL: http://www.wkap.nl N2 - Despite a growing body of knowledge concerning family abuse, there is little research focusing on domestic violence in rural settings. Likewise, there is a paucity of research on family abuse among low-income and racial/ethnic minorities who reside in rural areas. This study examined the prevalence of domestic abuse experienced by low-income, predominantly Latina farm worker women. Using logistic regression analysis, we analyzed factors that predict victimization and the influence of those factors on women's fear of their intimate partners. Survey data were collected from 1001 adult female patients of 11 migrant farm worker health care clinics in nine states. Among the study participants, 19% had been physically or sexually, abused by a husband boyfriend or companion. The strongest predictors of domestic abuse were drug/alcohol use by the respondent's partner pregnancy, and migrant status, The factors that most influenced respondents' fear of their intimate patients Mere abuse anti frequency of abuse. The article concludes by discussing implications of the study for domestic violence intervention, treatment, and research in rural settings. [References: 41] A1 - Van Hightower, N. R. Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1007538810858#page-1 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Journal of Family Violence VL - 15 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Les travailleuses migrantes du sexe originaires d'Europe de l'Est et de l'ancienne Union soviétique : le dossier canadien PB - Condition Féminine Canada A1 - McDonald, L. Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://publications.gc.ca/site/fra/293570/publication.html Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Temporary Work: The Gendered Rise of a Precarious Employment Relationship PB - York University N2 - The first in-depth analysis of temporary work in Canada, Leah F. Vosko's important new book examines a number of important trends, including the commodification of labour power; the decline of the full-time, full-year job as a norm; and the gendered character of prevailing employment relationships. Spanning the period from the late nineteenth to the late twentieth century, Temporary Work traces the evolution of the temporary employment relationship in Canada and places it in an international context. It explores how, and to what extent, 'temporary work' is becoming a norm for a diverse group of workers in the labour market, taking gender as a central lens of analysis. Recent scholarship emphasizes that the nature of work is changing, citing the spread of non-standard forms of employment and the rise in women's participation in the labour force. Vosko confirms that important changes are indeed taking place in the labour market, but argues that these changes are best understood in historical, economic and political contexts. This book will be invaluable to academics in a variety of disciplines as well as to policy analysts and practitioners. A1 - Vosko, Leah F Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books?vid=ISBN9780802083340&redir_esc=y Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Immigrants and the labour force : policy, regulation, and impact CY - Montreal PB - McGill-Queen's University Press N2 - First, Canada's primary source for immigrants has shifted dramatically from the United Kingdom and Europe to countries outside Europe. Second there has been a remarkable transformation in the nature of work: Canada's economy has changed from relying on resource extraction to an emphasis on manufacturing, and presently is emerging as post-industrial and knowledge-based. Pendakur combines an analysis of parliamentary debates on immigration issues with an evaluation of the regulatory and policy changes that resulted from these discussions and an analysis of how the work of immigrants changed over a five-decade. He then provides both a political and quantitative analysis by looking at issues that affect not only immigrants but minorities born in Canada in order to assess the degree to which labour market discrimination exists and whether employment equity programs are needed. (Amazon) A1 - Pendakur, Ravi Y1 - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR T1 - He Came, He Saw, He ...Stayed. Guest Worker Programmes and the Issue of Non-Return N2 - By comparing the US Bracero Program with the Canadian Mexican Agricultural Seasonal Workers' Program, it is shown that three aspects of program administration account for why so many braceros stayed in the US illegally, while almost all temporary workers employed in Canada return to Mexico at the end of the season: (1) recruitment policies & procedures, (2) enforcement of employment & housing-related minimum standards, & (3) the size of the program. It is suggested that the administration of the program, in turn, reflects various interests that shape the state's position on foreign labor. Whereas in the US the Bracero Program was tailored to meet the needs of agribusinesses, the Canadian state responds to a wider variety of interests, including its own concern with the definition of ideal citizenship, as well as the need to protect domestic workers & the Mexican government's interest in assisting those who are most needy. Additionally, unlike the US, where braceros were employed mainly in agribusinesses, in Canada, Mexicans are brought to work on family farms. While desertion was a frequent phenomenon in the US, the paternalistic relationships that Canada-bound workers develop with their employers make desertion unlikely. Further, the US braceros who stayed behind were assisted by other resident Mexicans & Chicanos & were easily absorbed into the economic infrastructure that feeds off undocumented labor. In contrast, in Canada, neither the social network nor the economic infrastructure that would facilitate nonreturn is present. 43 References. Adapted from the source document. A1 - Basok, Tanya Y1 - 2000/// JA - International Migration VL - 38 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Un tracteur est en cause dans la moitié des 100 accidents mortels qui surviennent chaque année dans les fermes canadiennes N2 - Pickett W et al « Fatal work-related farm injuries in Canada, 1991-1995», Journal de l'Association médicale canadienne, vol 160, no 13, 29 juin 1999 BACKGROUND: Studies from other developed countries have shown that agriculture is among the most dangerous occupational sectors in terms of work-related deaths. The authors describe the occurrence of fatal work-related farm injuries in Canada and compare these rates with those in other Canadian industries. METHODS: The authors present a descriptive, epidemiological analysis of data from the recently established Canadian Agricultural Injury Surveillance Program. The study population comprised Canadians who died from work-related farm injuries between 1991 and 1995. Crude, age-standardized, age-specific and provincial rates of such injuries are presented, as are overall death rates in other Canadian industries. Other factors examined were the people involved, the mechanism of injury, and the place and time of injury. RESULTS: There were 503 deaths from work-related farm injuries during the study period, for an overall annual rate of 11.6 deaths per 100,000 farm population. Modest excesses in this rate were observed in Ontario, Quebec and the Atlantic provinces. High rates were observed among men of all ages and among elderly people. Among the cases that listed the person involved, farm owner-operators accounted for 60.2% of the people killed. There was no substantial increase or decrease in the annual number of deaths over the 5 years of study. The leading mechanisms of fatal injury included tractor rollovers, blind runovers (person not visible by driver), extra-rider runovers, and entanglements in machinery. Compared with other industries, agriculture appears to be the fourth most dangerous in Canada in terms of fatal injury, behind mining, logging and forestry, and construction. INTERPRETATION: Canada now has a national registry for the surveillance of fatal farm injuries. Farming clearly is among the most dangerous occupations in Canada in terms of fatal work-related injuries. Secondary analyses of data from this registry suggest priorities for prevention, continued surveillance and in-depth research. A1 - Pratte, André Y1 - 1999/07/05/ UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405669 UR - http://www.cmaj.ca/content/160/13/1843.abstract Y2 - 2014-02-25 JA - La Presse SP - 9 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Strategizing Action Against Violence Against Women in the Filipino Community A1 - Philippine Women Centre - BC,  Y1 - 1999/// UR - http://pwc.bc.tripod.com/research.html UR - http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDMQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpi.library.yorku.ca%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Fcws%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F7871%2F7002&ei=r8xeUpP_NZHD4APMkoGwBw&usg=AFQjCNFNATrO8DZGy6zcszA2YjlZIjPmBw&sig2=mdFpYdW6h4HC3uJMhQdIdA&bvm=bv.54176721,d.dmg Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Mémoire présenté à la ministre de la Citoyenneté et de l'immigration, Madame Lucienne Robillard PB - AAFQ A1 - Association des aides familiales du Québec,  Y1 - 1998/// UR - http://bv.cdeacf.ca/CF_PDF/1999_09_0135.pdf Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - GEN T1 - La main-d'oeuvre agricole saisonnière transportée quotidiennement de la région de Montréal : profil socio-économique et insertion professionnelle N1 - "l’alternance travail/chômage/aide sociale exprime la vulnérabilité et marginalisation vécues par ces travailleurs sur le marché de l’emploi. Ils peuvent parfois occuper, en dehors de la saison agricole, de petits boulots dans les agences de placement de main-d’oeuvre ou les manufactures, reconnus pour leurs bas salaires. De fait, nous avons constaté d’emblée que l’emploi agricole saisonnier transporté est conçu comme – et semble effectivement être – un emploi de dépannage. Ainsi, l’emploi agricole est pour la majorité des immigrants – qui ont une charge familiale élevée et, par surcroît, qui envoient de l’argent à leurs parents restés au pays d’origine– une question de survie. La différenciation importante constatée à ce chapitre entre immigrants et natifs s’explique par cette charge familiale des premiers, sans aucune mesure avec celle des seconds, et par les contraintes et obstacles supplémentaires vécus par les requérants du statut de réfugié, immigrants les plus vulnérables, qui composent une partie importante de la main-d’oeuvre agricole occasionnelle autour de Montréal. Plusieurs immigrants vivent de toute évidence une situation de dénuement quasi total au moment d’entrer dans le secteur horticole (p.132)" "Ainsi, sur le plan des conditions de travail, le manque de respect caractérise les rapports sur certaines exploitations agricoles: non-respect des normes de travail, non-respect de la santé des travailleurs, nonrespect de leur dignité humaine. De façon quasi unanime et en concordance avec l’ensemble de nos données objectives, les répondants affirment l’existence de discrimination, sur certaines fermes, à l’endroit des immigrants, particulièrement les Noirs, et peut-être davantage encore les hommes Noirs. La discrimination peut se constater dès l’étape du recrutement, puisque tous les répondants immigrants ont déjà connu des difficultés pour se faire embaucher et que des Noirs se trouvent être exclus de certains lieux, de certaines fermes, situations que n’ont pas connues les natifs de notre groupe témoin. La brutalité langagière et les pressions, le non-paiement de temps de travail, l’absence de toilettes, la rareté ou l’insalubrité de l’eau, toutes ces atteintes à la dignité des travailleurs dévalorisent l’emploi agricole . Des rapports sociaux bien concrets sont donc à la source et entretiennent l’inégalité caractérisant le statut de travailleur agricole occasionnel (p.133)." "Au niveau du patron, de porter plus attention à la relation humaine, aussi... puis aux besoins, pas nécessairement juste physiologiques des gens mais aux besoins psychologiques aussi, parce que c’est un travail qui se déroule assez vite et c’est un travail de longue durée. Pendant neuf heures, on est pris dans la même position, dans les mêmes choses. Là, c’est sûr qu’il faut créer un climat quand même agréable, pour que les gens arrivent à être détendus, à être bien dans leur peau [...]. De la part des employeurs, peut-être, revoir un peu leurs attitudes envers les employés [...]. Ils nous prennent pour des machines: on est juste des machines qui ne font toute la journée que ramasser, ramasser. On n’est pas juste ça. Il faut savoir aussi travailler avec les gens. (Entrevue 14, immigrant)" (p.126). "L’absence d’eau et de toilettes étant une question qui les préoccupe, il n’est pas étonnant que des travailleurs ait mentionné ces éléments comme des améliorations prioritaires à apporter" (p.128). "Six éléments sont particulièrement ressortis : 1-un endroit propre où manger, avec des tables, des verres, protégé du soleil; 2- un endroit où mettre le lunch et garder la nourriture au frais: un frigidaire; 3- un espace pour changer de vêtements; 4- un espace de rangement pour le sac à dos; 5- un endroit pour s’asseoir un peu, durant les pauses; 6- un endroit où il y ait de l’eau chaude pour pouvoir se réchauffer, en automne (p. 128). "Une recommandation émerge plus souvent que les autres: que les SEA encadrent les producteurs et veillent de près au respect des droits des travailleurs ainsi qu’au maintien des conditions de travail minimales: eau, toilettes, bon accueil sur les fermes... En conséquence, que les producteurs ne respectant pas les règles ne reçoivent pas de main-d’oeuvre des SEA (p.130)." Dans certaines productions au rendement, telles les fraises ou les framboises, il arriverait que natifs et immigrants travaillent séparément, ces derniers se retrouvant dans un champ moins rempli. C’est ainsi que certains travailleurs immigrants réussiraient à accumuler des salaires aussi maigres que 5 $, 15 $ ou 35 $ pour une journée, comme nous l’avons évoqué précédemment. Cette native a bien vu le manège: "C’est comme où on est présentement, la première semaine, ils nous ont mis, nous autres, dans les belles fraises puis le reste de la gang, ils les ont mis dans un champ qui était pas beau [...]. Oui. Puis ça été une semaine, une semaine et demie comme ça. Nous autres, dans l’fond, on était ben content [...]. Oui, les Québécois, leur monde à eux autres qui sont là le matin là, on était dans les belles, dans l’beau champ que les fraises étaient toutes ben sorties [rire] [...]. Oui, ça, j’ai vu ça. (Entrevue 46, native)" (p.106). PB - INRS A1 - Simard, Myriam A1 - Mimeault, Isabelle Y1 - 1997/05/27/ UR - http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/bs1984658 Y2 - 2014-03-27 ER - TY - THES T1 - The Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program in Ontario from the perspective of Jamaican migrants CY - Ottawa PB - National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, N2 - The phenomenon of offshore migrant labour in Canada poses an interesting challenge to the literature dealing with unfree labour relations in capitalist societies. This thesis uses in-depth interviews with Jamaican migrant labourers in Ontario. dong with supporting statistical data to further our understanding of the subjective domain of labour relations in agriculture- According to the literature The Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program constitutes a system of unfree labour, and many employers in the Ontario agricultural sector benefit from this system. Jamaican migrant workers do not necessarily share this view of unfreedom. While recognizing the definite restrictions as defined in the contract, these migrants accept the conditions of employment as a trade off for the opportunity of material advancement not available to them in Jamaica. This discrepancy over the definition of unfree labour reflects the disparities between the North and the South and needs to be addressed. A1 - Knowles, Kimberly Y1 - 1997/// UR - http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24478.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiologic study of occupational injuries among foreign and native workers in taiwan N1 - Liou SH N2 - This study was designed to compare the risk of occupational injuries in foreign workers compared to native workers in Taiwan. The cohort of foreign workers under study was constructed by records of legally registered workers migrated from foreign counties to Taiwan from July 1, 1991 to December 31, 1993. The native Taiwanese workers for comparison were labor-insured workers working in the same industries as foreign workers in 1992. The number of occupational injuries in the first year of employment were obtained by matching the cohort of foreign workers with the labor insurance payment records by name, birth date and passport number. The 1-year incidence rate of occupational injuries in the first year of employment was calculated and a standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) was used for comparison with adjustment for age distribution and to accommodate the small sample size of foreign workers. The risk to occupational injuries among total (SMR = 0.86) and male (SMR = 0.58) foreign workers was not higher; indeed, it was even lower than that among native workers in Taiwan. However; the risk to female migrant workers, especially in the construction industry, Mas significantly higher than that of female Taiwanese workers (SMR = 1.60). Stratified by industry the incidence was high in the fabricated metal products manufacturing industry and in machinery and equipment manufacturing industry for male foreign workers, while a high incidence for the female foreign workers occurred in construction industry and rubber products manufacturing industry. The risk of occupational injuries was greater for foreign workers who had been in Taiwan for only a short time. Most of the injuries occurred within the first 6 months of employment. Eighty-four out of the 394 occupational injuries among foreign workers resulted in disabilities. None of the accidents was fatal, but most of the disabilities were severe. The most common disabling injuries were cut or crushed fingers. The finding of a similar distribution of occupational injuries among foreign and native workers indicates that control measures are needed to reduce occupational injuries for all foreign and native workers in Taiwan. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [References: 11] A1 - Wu, T. N. Y1 - 1997/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9099366 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - American Journal of Industrial Medicine VL - 31 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Uneven gains: Filipina Domestic Workers in Canada CY - Ottawa PB - North-South Institute A1 - Grandea, Nona Y1 - 1996/// UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/Uneven_gains.html?id=9SBYAAAAYAAJ Y2 - 2011-08-17 T3 - Philippines-Canada Human Resources Development Program ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Female Asian Migrants: A Growing but Increasly Vulnerable Workforce/TRABAJADORAS MIGRANTES DE ASIA: CADA VEZ MAS NUMEROSAS Y MAS VULNERABLES PB - ILO A1 - International Labour Organization,  Y1 - 1996/// UR - http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/media-centre/press-releases/WCMS_008072/lang--en/index.htm Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory health of hispanic migrant farm workers in indiana N1 - Garcia JGN N2 - The prevalence of respiratory disease in a Midwest Hispanic (mostly Mexican) migrant from worker population was investigated Chronic respiratory symptoms (cough, wheezing, sputum production) in adult workers (n = 354) were elevated (8.5%, 6.2%, 6.5%, respectively) and were accompanied by physiologic abnormalities as determined by pulmonary function testing. Over 15% of the adult cohort exhibited a FEV(1)/FVC < 75, and over 14% had FEF(25-75) values which were less than 60% of predicted. The observed airflow obstruction of both large and small airways was not explained by cigarette usage (43%) in the adult cohort (current/past smokers). Tuberculin skin tests (TST) were positive (greater than or equal to 10 mm) in 55/195 melt and 35/123 women for a total prevalence of 28.3%. No case of active tuberculosis (TB) was identified by either chest X-ray (CXR) or sputum cultures (in selected cases). In contrast to. adult farm workers, who were predominantly born in Mexico (70%), only 36% of adolescent workers (age 11-28 years, n = 107) were born in Mexico with only 7.5% exhibiting TST positivity. Airflow obstruction of large airways (5.8%) and small airways (12.9%) were also less common in adolescents than adults. In summary these studies document respiratory dysfunction in Hispanic migrant farm workers in Indiana and highlight the need to closely monitor the respiratory health of this high-risk population. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [References: 32] A1 - Garcia, J. G. N. Y1 - 1996/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8808039 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - American Journal of Industrial Medicine VL - 29 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The political economy of international labour migration: a case study of Pakistani workers in Gulf states N1 - Paperback ISBN: 1-551640-16-3 Hardcover ISBN: 1-551640-17-1 eBook ISBN: 978-155164-465-3 CY - Montréal PB - Black Rose Books N2 - While former studies on labor migration have concentrated on its effect on GNP, foreign exchange earnings, and labour exporting countries' rates of investment, Gardezi's work refocuses attention on the migrant workers themselves, their hopes and aspirations, family and community life, and working conditions both at home and abroad. Taking this wide-ranging view, he is able to enhance our understanding of the transfers of labour force. A1 - Gardezi, Hassan Nawaz Y1 - 1995/// UR - http://blackrosebooks.net/go/profile-35364/products/view/the-political-economy-of-international-labour-migration/28286 Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Labouring children : British immigrant apprentices to Canada, 1869-1924 N1 - Joy Parr. ill. ; 24 cm. CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto Press A1 - Parr, Joy Y1 - 1994/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books?id=6pMOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Work of strangers : a survey of international labour migration N1 - Peter Stalker. CY - Geneva PB - ILO N2 - This book concentrates on the movement of people. Around 80 million people now live in foreign lands (not counting the former Soviet Union and ex-Yugoslavia). And their numbers are rising steadily. One million people emigrate permanently each year, while another million seek political asylum. Added to these are 18 million refugees, driven from their homelands by natural disaster or in the hunt for political asylum. [...] The statistics may not be very precise, but recent trends in international migration have been causing increasing alarm in industrialized countries. The waves of asylum seekers from developing countries, and the potential flood of economic migrants from East to West have stirred up primitive fears. Xenophobia and racism are on the increase, and opportunist politicians have taken the opportunity to redirect popular discontent to immigrant communities. A1 - Stalker, Peter Y1 - 1994/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=JNXElTfvykIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=The+Work+of+strangers+:+a+survey+of+international+labour+migration&ots=V2osE0Hxqh&sig=NR8yjPZPgjFr3Xf7tWBcgCiRdro#v=onepage&q&f=false Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Caribbean Migrant Farm Worker Programme in Ontario: Seasonal Expansion of West Indian Economic Spaces IS - 1 N2 - Individual characteristics & earning levels of Caribbean migrant workers participating in the Canadian Foreign Agricultural Resource Management Services, established in 1966, are examined, based on a 1987 questionnaire survey of 297 farm workers in Ontario, & anthropological observations conducted in 1987/88. Findings show that migrant workers are able to plan life strategies based on the recurrent opportunities to work in Ontario; they are perceived as nomads, able to extend their geographic space. The minimal weekly wage of $250 per worker is considered a highly effective form of foreign aid, & there are benefits for Ontario's economy as well. 14 Tables, 15 References. I. Shagrir A1 - Cecil, R. G. Y1 - 1992/// UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2435.1992.tb00674.x/abstract Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - International Migration/Migrations Internationales/Migraciones Internationales VL - 30 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - La consuls du Mexique jette les accusations de manifestants N2 - p A12 A1 - Béliveau, Jules Y1 - 1991/10/22/ JA - La Presse ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Les domestiques immigrantes au Canada CY - Ottawa PB - Société historique du Canada A1 - Barber, Marilyn Y1 - 1991/// UR - http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/300/cha-shc/groupes_ethniques_du_canada/E-16_fr.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - [La situation des travailleurs agricoles au Québec] : l'important dans la cueillette des concombres : l'étiquette verte A1 - Sarfati, Sonia Y1 - 1989/07/23/ JA - La Presse SP - 6 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Success Factors to Improve Seasonal Agricultural Employment: Program Evaluation PB - The Coopers & Lybrand Consulting Group N2 - Submitted to: Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers' Association and Canadian Horticultural Council Submitted by : Christine Lucyk A1 - Christine Lucyk,  A1 - The Coopers & Lybrand Consulting Group,  Y1 - 1988/// ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Silenced: Talks With Working Class West Indian Women About their Lives and Struggles as Domestic Workers in Canada CY - Canada PB - Williams-Wallace Publishers Inc. N2 - '' I wish I could have my family here with me - loneliness - it makes you feel so helpless, so vulnerable, so ashamed. It's almost like a crime.'' ''We're doing the dirty work. They are paying the money. But they think probably we are nobody. They must treat us equal, like we are human beings too, not like some animals.'' ''My only relief is when I get a chance to go to church on Sundays, where I can cry out loud to the Lord and tell him my troubles.'' These women- the most voiceless of the ''silenced-majority'', contribute to the breaking down of silence. A1 - Silvera, Makeda Y1 - 1983/// KW - Domestic Workers KW - India KW - abuses ER - TY - RPRT T1 - 1980 review of agricultural manpower programs : a summary of review findings PB - Canada Employment and Immigration Commission N2 - I - 1980 review of agricultural manpower programs : a summary of review findings II - Commonwealth Caribbean and Mexican seasonal agricultural workers programs : review of 1979 payroll records III - Utilization of Caribbean and Mexican workers programs A1 - Canada Employment and Immigration Commission ,  Y1 - 1980/// ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Housing for migrant workers CY - [Toronto] PB - Ministry of Agriculture and Food A1 - Stone, R. P. Y1 - 1974/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books/about/Housing_for_Migrant_Workers.html?id=IyOhMwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER -